Friday, November 29, 2019

Oroonokos Slavery Problem An Interpretation Essays - Novellas

Oroonoko's Slavery Problem: An Interpretation Aphra Behn's seventeenth century tale of a noble African prince's tragic fall to slavery, Oroonoko, has often been cited as a major antislavery work. Under close examination, however, Oroonoko tells a more complex story. The volatile cultural, moral, and religious crosscurrents that Behn finds surrounding her manifest themselves in the forms of narrative equivocality and intermittent satire in Oroonoko. Throughout the text, she seemingly possesses a conflicting attitude toward the slavery institution and racism in general. On one hand, her portrayal of the protagonist Oroonoko is just, heroic, and deeply sympathetic, and she often disparages European culture and religion while portraying Europeans themselves in an unfavorable light; however, Behn perhaps unconsciously reveals her deeply rooted cultural bias and racism, fictionalizes and romanticizes the lives of slaves on the plantations, and displays an apparent noncommittal attitude towards slavery. In selecting an African prince as her protagonist in a heroic romance, Behn not only makes an unconventional literary decision but also makes a statement on race. She shows that African Americans can be just as noble, virtuous, passionate, heroic, and just as worthy of literary praise and human compassion. Rarely before has an African American been portrayed in such a favorable light in British literature: . . . 'Twas amazing to imagine where 'twas he got that real greatness of soul, those refined notions of true honor, that absolute generosity . . . the highest passions of love and gallantry(2155); There [is] no one grace wanting that bears the standard of true beauty(2156). The manner of Oroonoko's death echoes that of tragic Christian martyrs and heroes in classic literature. His speeches compare to great leaders of antiquity, and the question he puts to his fellow slaves--Shall we render obedience to such a degenerate race, who have no one human virtue left to distinguish them fr om the vilest creatures?(2184)--is perhaps Behn's strongest statement against slavery. Her pen lavishes no less praise on Oroonoko's lover Imoinda, the brave, the beautiful, and the constant(2193). Through Oroonoko and Imoinda's suffering Behn highlights the excessive cruelty of the white man while underlining the honor and virtue of the lovers. She thus elevates two slaves to immortal status. She establishes what she has set out to do: to make [Oroonoko's] glorious name survive to all ages(2193). His name survives indeed, not as a common slave or even a mere prince, but an African American who serves as a sympathetic while revolutionary hero and a vehicle for Behn's indirect attack on the slavery institution and those who perpetrate it. In addition, Behn shows that she is not incapable of appreciating cultures different from her own while disparaging European society and its religion. She devotes many paragraphs to descriptions of the natives of Surinam whom she portrays as charming and novel(2153), innocent in their ways yet skilled in war and game. A philosophical libertine, Behn conveniently utilizes these natives, along with Oroonoko's virtues, to launch a raillery against European civilization, especially religion. The natives' nakedness, she claims, better instructs the world than all the inventions of man; religion would here but destroy that tranquility they possess by ignorance(2153). When the captain who captures Oroonoko as a slave refuses to release his shackles, Oroonoko replies that he [is] very sorry to hear that the captain [pretends] to the knowledge and worship of any gods who had taught him no better principles(2170). To his death Oroonoko refuses to accept Christianity. This is no surprise since Behn all but populates her story with dishonest, villainous Christians. There is the captain who abuses Oroonoko's trusty nature and sells him as a slave; there are the pursuants of Oroonoko who torture him in a most deplorable and inhumane manner(2187). Indeed, the most despicable character in the story is the European deputy governor: He [is] a fellow, Behn describes, whose character is not fit to be mentioned with the worst of the slaves(2186). He, too, lures Oroonoko back to captivity with cunning duplicity, and his men eventually kill Oroonoko with unimaginable cruelty. The governor's council has no sort of principles to make them worthy the name of men(2189). In addition, Behn comments on existing gender issues when she describes Europeans laughing at Mr. Trefry because

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Paradox of Assimilation Essay Example

The Paradox of Assimilation Essay Example The Paradox of Assimilation Essay The Paradox of Assimilation Essay The Paradox of Assimilation Assimilation both descriptively and prescriptively is a procedure of adjusting and acclimatizing to society. Normally thought to hold hurtful effects on society, assimilation can take to either the promotion or the complete and arrant deindividuation of it. This construct of assimilation by agencies of being a merchandise or a procedure is what fuses elements that are both matter-of-fact and ideological in modern twenty-four hours society. Simply put, assimilation is one of the largest paradoxes that is presently observed in society. A premier illustration of this paradox is displayed through the usage of covering in order to suit into society. Covering, which is the procedure of chanting down a disfavored individuality and exposing one more likely to be accepted socially, is an indispensable tool utilized by many ( Yoshino 552 ) . However, extended sums of assimilation through the procedure of covering can at times cause persons to cast their true individuality in favour of the fals e 1 that they have been showing. Despite this, the most effectual manner for society to progress is through assimilation. The homogenizing procedure that is assimilation causes persons to set aside their ain values, individuality, and regular inclinations, in order to take on, act, and adapt to the behaviour of the group in which they wish to be accepted into. In Ariel Levy’s Female Chauvinist Pigs, Sheila Nevins, a celebrated executive manufacturer states Everyone has to knock and crunch for what they want ( Levy 267 ) . Simply put, there is no success without forfeit. Despite their outer visual aspects those who want to last, accomplish illustriousness or claim success are willing to do the forfeits required in order to persist towards their ultimate end. Even Witterick’s household in their changeless conflict against gender assimilation found that while in Cuba in order to endeavor towards their end of rejecting the social gender norms, they had to accept the one thing they despised ( Poisson 366 ) . Identities are meant to be based on a complex composing of different sorts of lines and forms that intertwine into their environing systems, each of which on their ain would be homogenous ( civilization, household, friends, and media ) . Despite the fact that these lines and forms follow different waies, when they are processed together through assimilation at the right times the instabilities become sorted out in a manner which consequences in the creative activity of alone individualities in society. Assimilation when used responsibly is a tool best utilised for the promotion of society. However, many persons fear assimilation missing the cognition that it can happen without the arrant devastation of one’s individualism. One’s individualism, or their individuality has many influences and divisions. These influences involve merely about anything that has to make with beliefs, traditions, symbols, behaviours, values aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹or even pride hoarded within one’s ego or shared by members of their peculiar bomber society. The downside of assimilation is that many do non put to death the act decently. Society implies that persons have engagement in it as full members with alone positions and sentiments. One’s changeless interaction with others, leads to impute significances to people, objects or events in the surrounding environment. In Yoshino’s The New Civil Rights states that the commitment is to assist people be themselves to defy d emands to conform that take away their ability to be the persons they are ( Yoshino 557 ) . Though this may be interpreted as assimilation through covering denies persons the right to be who they are in world it shows that, in order to accomplish the success of society in a positive mode, the promotion of persons with their uniqueness spared must come foremost. The mode in which they achieve this whether they’re utilizing their heads to make it or their tits ( Levy 269 ) is irrelevant as both require some grade of assimilation. The procedure of deindividuation is an ageless cringle of absorbing and losing a sense of one’s self-identity. This does non intend that conforming or sharing the same traits with other persons deprives one’s ain sense of individualism. Assimilation is the measure that allows persons to be accepted into their sub social civilization and begins the true procedure of organizing their ain individualism. Which in bend allows them to further the sense of belonging to their cultural group. This feeling helps, despite single differences, members to hold something in common. That same common feeling can besides be demonstrated by sing other sub social groups that may non portion the same traits. By sing differing groups, a group can be identified as alone and can be viewed so exactly because it presents expressed and important differences which facilitates the being of these different groups which influences society as a whole. By concealing the individuality of Storm and letin g him to be a testimonial to freedom and pick in topographic point of limitation ( Poisson 365 ) . The Wittericks let storm to hold a trait that will be merely be shared by a choice few. This trait of being free and being able to do his ain picks seems to be merely shared within his household but subsequently on in life it will be communal by others that were given the same freedoms as a kid. However, if Storm neer learns to absorb to his sub social group, it is likely he will be shunned by them and out casted by others who do non portion the same traits as him. This shows that being deemed mainstream is still frequently a necessity of societal life ( Yoshino 552 ) . What is considered mainstream in one group may non be mainstream in another. However it is these baby stairss that allow the advancement of society to go on processing frontward. Groups that are a consequence of assimilation many times portion common values and features frequently influence one’s individualism in a manner that wishes to be accepted and recognized as a member of that common individuality. Plants Cited Poisson, Jayme. Parents Keep Child’s Gender SecretEmerging: Contemporary Readings for Writers.2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. Ed. Barclay Barrios. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. 364-369. Print. Yoshino, Kenji. Preface A ; The New Civil Rights.Emerging: Contemporary Readings for Writers.2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. Ed. Barclay Barrios. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. 551-559. Print. Levy, Ariel. Female Chauvinist Pigs Emerging: Contemporary Readings for Writers.2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. Ed. Barclay Barrios. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2013. 266*278 [ Research documents that use MLA format do non include a cover page unless requested by your teacher. Alternatively, start with the information shown at the top of this page. Make non bold the rubric or utilize all capital letters. Capitalize the first and last words of the rubric, and all chief words. If your paper includes a caption, separate it from the rubric by a colon and infinite, as shown. For more specific counsel on capitalisation, see the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th Edition ( MLA 7th Edition ) . ] [ All text- including rubrics, citations, notes, and list of plants cited- uses dual line spacing. Body text and note text usage a half-inch first-line indent. The list of plants cited uses a half-inch hanging indent. Table rubrics and beginning text usage a quarter-inch indent. Access all of these text formats on the Home check, in the Styles gallery. ] [ MLA format discourages extensive usage of content notes. But, when you need to add notes, you can utilize either endnotes or footers. MLA 7th Edition indicates that you should utilize a superior, Arabic number at an appropriate topographic point in the text for the note mention. To get down the note text, use the same numerical, non superscript, and followed by a period. ] [ If you use endnotes, they should be on a separate page, at the terminal of your text and predating the list of plants cited. If you use footers, confer with your professor for preferable format. ] [ For citations of more than four lines, indent the quotation mark one inch from the left border and do non utilize citation Markss. To use this data format, on the Home check, in the Styles gallery, click Quote. For shorter citations, you can set them in citation Markss, and integrate them straight into text. ] Table 1 [ This Table Title Uses a Style Named Table Title , Available on the Home Tab, in the Styles Gallery ] Column Heading Extra Column Heading Extra Column Heading Extra Column Heading Row Heading Row Heading Row Heading Beginning: [ This beginning text uses a manner named Table Source , available on the Home check, in the Styles gallery. ] [ This note text uses a manner named Table Note , available on the Home check, in the Styles gallery. Table notes use a lowercase missive alternatively of Arabic numbers to distinguish them from the notes to organic structure content. ] Fig. 1. [ This figure caption uses the No Indent manner, available on the Home check, in the Styles gallery. Label figures with the brief Fig. and a figure figure. ] [ The sample list that follows was created utilizing the Bibliography characteristic available on the References check. This characteristic offers the option to stipulate MLA manner, so that your mentions are automatically formatted right. You can besides utilize this characteristic to add in-text commendations, such as the one shown at the terminal of this paragraph. To add page Numberss to a commendation after you insert it, right-click the commendation and so snap Edit Citation. Note besides that MLA regulations for commendations and mentions are extended. So it’s a good thought to mention to MLA 7th Edition for farther information. ] ( AuthorLastName Pages ) [ To utilize this templet when making the lineation for your paper, on the Home check, in the Styles gallery, click No Indent. Then, on the same check, in the Paragraph group, click the Multilevel List icon and so snap the MLA Outline manner that appears under List Styles. The first six degrees of this list manner correspond to the lineation degrees defined in MLA 7th Edition. ] For extra counsel on arranging your research paper, consult MLA 7th Edition every bit good as your teacher. Plants Cited AuthorLastName, FirstName.Title of the Book Being Referenced. City Name: Name of Publisher, Year. Type of Medium ( e.g. Print ) . LastName, First, Middle. Article Title. Journal Title( Year ) : Pages From To. Print.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Competency-based job analysis and the advantages and disadvantages of Assignment

Competency-based job analysis and the advantages and disadvantages of its use in team-based jobs - Assignment Example This paper demonstrates a critical review of literatures on competency-based job analysis and on merits and demerits of its use in team-based jobs. In management perspective, human capital represents commercially valuable talents, knowledge, experience and skills (Marcus, Ippolito and Zhang, 1998, p. 490). In order to ensure constant improvement in performance, most companies facilitated some techniques such as team-work, organizational learning, knowledge-sharing, training and development programs etc that can foster employees’ skills and abilities to perform better. In recent years, many companies have arranged an integrated system in which there is best possible fit of human resources and technical system that together produce superior employee performance (Noe, Hollenbeck and Gerhert, 2003). Recent changes in HR strategies and management initiatives prove that assessing and improving employees’ performance has become at the very heart of human resource management. In management, competency is a trait or a characteristic that an employee requires to perform his task. Competency is defined as a demonstrable characteristic such as knowledge, skills, behaviours etc that enable a person perform well (Byars and Rue, 2008, p.267). A competent employee is very likely to exhibit certain basic characteristics that are related to criterion referenced as effective as well as superior in terms of performance in a given job (Priyadarshini and Dave, 2012, p. 196). Competency based performance management is a system to consider skills and behaviours of employees for successful performance in the present and future job roles. It not only helps employees to understand job expectations, but also the management to design a framework for aligning employees’ job performance with organizational goals (David et al, 2000, p. 6). Kandula (2013, p. 289) stressed that competency-based performance

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Industrial Crane Accidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Industrial Crane Accidents - Essay Example To date, many reports relay crane-related accidents that could have been avoided if safety regulations were carefully considered. Industrial crane operators are required to apply strict safety procedures to carry out their job properly. Several regulations have been existent internationally to prevent accidents and hazards in every industrial workplace. Nevertheless, the current literature reflects a number of accidents related to the use of cranes in many workplaces around the world, both on land and offshore (i.e., gas mining platforms). Therefore, it is important to consider how such accidents have occurred in order to promote safety in the industrial workplace. Industrial crane accidents can happen anytime if workers practice negligence. The complex and heavy structure of the crane implies the high demand for safety during operation in the workplace. Relevantly, only certified workmen can handle industrial cranes, thus workers who would like to be crane operators should undergo t he specific training for operating cranes and other similar machines. A simple negligence on the part of the operator could lead to accidents, and later on, to permanent disability and even deaths. In such cases, the company will be held liable for the loss, not just the operator or the driver concerned could lose his job if the results of the investigations suggest negligence on his part. However, crane accidents have more bearing on the company because the company has the sole liability in such cases. A number of cases of negligence can be found in the literature, pointing either to the company or the crew as the one at fault. For instance, Jerner (2010) reports about a crane accident in which the crane boom separated from the mobile carrier. Based on the investigations, the turntable bearing did not function properly because it was improperly placed and showed signs of being worn out. Notably, the first problem that reveals improper placing of the turntable could be attributed to the staff, whereas the second cause, which is the worn out characteristics of the turntable implies the liability of the company. The use of old and worn out turntable can be attributed to the company’s cost-cutting measures. In another accident report by Jerner (2010), the same problem of substandard crane parts was detected as the bolts of the boom attached to three crane boom sections broke, thus separating the attached sections from the main boom. The accident occurred during operation as the crane was used to remove a water tank crane boom from a water tower. Although there were no casualties, the accident expectedly caused delay in the company’s operation. In a report made by the Iowa FACE Program (n.d.) of a 1997 accident that occurred in a wind farm in Iowa, the author noted the shifting of the tower-type crane whose outrigger pad slid to the northwest, leading to the death of the 36-year–old crane operator. The crew was about to install generators on a windmill when the accident happened. The owner of the mill, who was situated perpendicular to the windmill and saw the whole accident reported that the crane was tilted a little before the accident happened.  

Monday, November 18, 2019

Analyze how spiderman fits the classic heroic models while still Essay

Analyze how spiderman fits the classic heroic models while still presenting a uniquely american prespective - Essay Example For example, in the film Spiderman, when the super hero saves her, the character of Aunt May says, â€Å"Everybody loves a hero. People line up for them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.just to get a glimpse of the one who taught them how to hold on a second longer. I believe theres a hero in all of us, that keeps us honest, gives us strength, makes us noble†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  In mythology, a classic hero is a character who has a problem and must fight to overcome it. In classic mythology, a hero always had to make a journey and he is required to pass through many tests and ordeals as he comes up against forces of evil, however what ultimately helps him to overcome the ordeal and win is confronting his own nature.(Campbell, 1993). According to Campbell, the mythological hero sets forth from his hut or castle and proceeds to the threshold of adventure. There he must move forward fighting the forces of evil in the world of darkness and evil. When he returns , the boon that he brings is able to restore the world. This hero journey model essentially begins with the introduction of the character and his problem, then it follows him through several stages until he finally gets his reward. This classic pattern is also reiterated in Spiderman, whose alter ego is Peter Parker, the typically conflicted hero who is nerdy and a geek, but who rises above his limitations to achieve self knowledge and becomes a force to reckon with, as he fights the forces of evil so that good can triumph. At first, he is just an ordinary guy who lives with his aunt and Uncle and pines for the girl next door – Mary Jane – who is the shallow but popular school leader’s girlfriend. The threshold of the adventure begins when Parker is bitten by a spider and acquires unusual powers, such as the ability to spin webs, a spider sense which tingles in the presence of evil and superb acrobatic strength. He then begins the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Microeconomics And Tourism In South Africa Tourism Essay

Microeconomics And Tourism In South Africa Tourism Essay South africa is a country that a has a famous history of racial divisiveness and diversity, but today the rainbow nation is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Africa and in the world as a whole. In the following report we will analyze the microeconomic situation in South Africa. This will help us decide weather the hotel we have chosen is, in fact, the best one. In order to achieve our goal, we will look at the history of the country and talk about South African government and politics. We will also analyze the countries economic situation by looking at the economic growth since 1980, the principal trading partners, the impact of the 2010 World Cup and finally the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the type of the market economy. Furthermore we will analyze the local economy of the city of Cape Town where the Hotel is located. Thus looking at the lodging Industry and analyze weather the economic strategy is successful or not. We will achieve this by identifying its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the tourism industry as well as for the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa. Finally we will identify the competitors of the Hotel. With this in mind we will begin to define what are our criteria to classify the best hotel and identify weather this Hotel is indeed the best one or not. In the end we will present our conclusions that prove that Hotel can be classified as the best one in South Africa. History of the Country South Africa is located at the southernmost point of the African continent. It has a long 2798 km coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans. It is one of the largest and most powerful states in Africa with a population of over 50 million inhabitants. The African country has been inhabited for more than three million years. This country is also known as the cradle of mankind. Diversity in South Africa began very early with the San and the Khoekhoe peoples in the 6th century BC and evolved ever since making it one of the most ethnical diverse country in the world. This diversity is a big part of the rainbow nations conflictual history. In 1487 white settlers set foot for the first time with the portuguese explorer Bartolomeo Dias Today. Later in 1961 it became a republic, but apartheid rules did not leave with the British retreat. Apartheid gave a bad image of South Africa in the world, and other wealthy nations of the world began to boycott its economy because of its racial policies and oppression. But when Nelson Mandela was freed in 1991 the situation started to change, he was elected as president on the first non-racial elections on 27th of April 1994. Since then South Africa came a long way, a black man Jacob Zuma is currently at the head of the state since he was elected in May of 2009. The country has been given the trust and privilege to host last summers biggest event worldwide: the FIFA World Cup which showed the world what South Africa has achieved. They have 11 official languages, the main ones are Zulu, Xhosa and Afrikaans followed by English. It is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Common Wealth of Nations, the International Monitory Fund and the NEPAD (New Partnership of Africas Development). Mandelas nation has three capitals, Cape Town which is the legislative capital, Pretoria which is the executive capital and Bloemfontein which is the judicial capital. Johannesburg is not a capital although it is the largest city. It is a middle income emerging country that has a large amount of supplies thanks to their natural resources. The country has a very developed finance, communication, energy and transportation sectors and is ranked as 17th largest stock exchange in the world by the WTO and is in the top 30 in the world in accordance to its GDP. Economy in South Africa The South African economy is ranked as a upper-middle income economy by the World Bank. About a quarter of the population is unemployed and lives on less than US   $1.25 a day. This table shows the economy growth from 1980 to 2010 : Year Gross Domestic Product (bln USD) US Dollar Exchange (early January) Unemployment rate Per Capita Income (as  % of USA) 1980 80.547 0.8267 Rand 9.2 22.56 1985 57.273 2.0052 Rand 15.5 9.81 1990 111.998 2.5419 Rand 18.8 13.10 1995 151.117 3.5486 Rand 16.7 13.24 2000 132.964 6.1188 Rand 25.6 8.47 2005 246.956 5.6497 Rand 26.7 12.34 2010 354.414 7.462 Rand 24.8 15.06 The majority of economical transactions occur around 4 areas: Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban and Pretoria. They are the economical heart of the country and the hubs to the rest of the world. Although these megalopolis can be compared to those of the western world, disparity amongst the countrys region remains. The development is marginal and poverty and HIV are still prevalent. The government demonstrated its commitment to open market, privatization and a favorable investment climate with its introduction of the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy which is a South African neoliberal macroeconomic strategy implemented in 1996. As its name says the GEAR strategy   has four more objectives that are embedded on this strategy namely: economic growth, full employment, price stability and balance payment stability. The Rand is the most actively trended emerging market currency in the world. The Rand was the best performing currency against the US dollar between 2002 and 2005, according to the Bloomberg Currency Scorecard. Principal international trading partners of South Africa include Germany, the United States, China, Japan, The United Kingdom and Spain. Chief exports include corn, diamonds, fruits, gold, metals and minerals, sugar and wool. Machinery and transportation equipment make up more than 1/3 of the value of the countrys imports. Other imports are chemicals, manufactured goods and petroleum. Also, South Africa has a big agricultural sector and an exporter of farming products. There are almost a thousand agricultural cooperatives and businesses throughout the country. Agricultural exports constituted 8 % of the countrys exports for the last 5 years and it contributes that 10% of formal employment to the country. Finally, South Africas economy depends largely on the tourism industry which has been identified as one of the key economic sectors with excellent potential for growth. Directly and indirectly, tourism constitutes approximately 7% of employment in South Africa. To develop and exploit the countrys tourism potential, infrastructure and support facilities of which hotels, like the one we chose, are an integral part. The hospitality industry in South Africa has experienced a steady growth during the past years. Different issues in the government really affected the hospitality sector of the country, but there is a reason now to be optimistic.   By hosting the FIFA World Cup it was a great opportunity to boost their economy and especially the tourism sector. A total of 309.554 foreign tourists arrived in South Africa for the primary purpose of attending the event. The continent counted 34% of the worlds foreign tourists, followed by Europe with 24% and Central and South America with 13% The total expenditure in South Africa by tourists who came specifically for the 2010 FIFA World Cup amounted to 3.7 million euros.   The average length of stay of tourists during this period was 10.3 nights.Total awareness of South Africa as a leisure and tourism destination increased by 9% following the event. The intention to visit South Africa in the Short term increased by 35% following the event.   The industry is creating jobs and wealth, it could also play a crucial role in making the countrys economy to be a better one. However, fragmentation remained some serious impediments to South Africas hospitality industry growth. The industry revolved in different types of businesses, such as airlines, boats, bus companies, hotels, car hire, festivals and events, tour guides, retailing and sightseeing destinations. Therefore the South Africans must be proactive and take responsibility to continue to drive change. After the positive market sentiment recorded last September 2010, the tourism industry is in a very good shape especially since 2009 was a particularly bad year also due to the world economy crisis. South Africas tourism boom has had a predictable effect on the performance of the countrys hotels.   South Africa GDP per capita The GDP has grown by more than 4 times in 30 years, that is due to the political and social development since 1980 and especially the abolition of the apartheid which lead to more open economical choices. According to the World Bank, South Africas GDP per capita is currently U$D 3,764 (South Africas GDP adjusted by inflation, divided by the total population). From 1960 until 2008 this figure was U$D 3096.02, with a historical peak of U$D 3764 in December 2008 and a historical low of U$D 2207 in 1960. Although the GDP seems to be increasingly rising, the unemployment rate has reached a dramatical number, 24.8% of the South Africans population is unemployed the rate rose by 15 points since 1980. Demand According to the Horwath Worldwide Hotel Industry Study (2001) South Africa remained the most popular African destination in terms of arrivals in 2000. South Africa is also increasingly becoming a popular international conference destination attracting a large amount of customers from the MICE market. In addition, South Africas hospitality industry continues to attract international investors especially once it was set to host the FIFA world cup and since then investors have been flowing in. In 2010 South Africa recorded 5.5 million arrivals. There was growth in tourist arrivals to South Africa from all regions, with the highest growth coming from the Americas at 91.3% (74,545). Asia and Australasia grew by 41.0% (30,216) and the Africa air markets grew by 30.8% (20,611), while Europe and the Africa land markets grew by 19.1% (43,672) and 5.3% (63,770) respectively.The demand in the tourism industry in South Africa is growing exponentially and the government, investors and hospitality professionals are working together so that the supply meets the constantly rising demand. Supply Profit maximization Profit maximisation is the process by which a hotel determines the price and output level that returns the greatest profit. There are 2 typical ways to achieve profit maximisation: Focus on minimising and control expenses Focus on maximising revenue The Leisure and Tourism Industry South Africa South Africa is known as one of the most sophisticated and promising countries in the whole African continent, and has shown as we have seen it, a strong and consistent improvement in the economy. Its scenic beauty, cultural diversity and reputation for delivering value for money have made it one of the worlds fastest growing leisure and business travel destinations (BRICS countries). Being highly diverse in terms of its, culture, tourist activities and infrastructure. It adapts to every tourism niche, from business, eco- and cultural tourism through to adventure and sport tourism. Its tourism sector began growing significantly since 1994, and due to the importance government gives to tourism in the country. Tourism also generates much of South Africas tax revenue as much as $655 billion in 2005 and influences government spending in infrastructure such as highways, airports, etc. Growing three times faster then the world average. It has become a really important sector, which is creating millions of jobs, employing 212 millions of people. South Africa is becoming more popular among tourist destinations, with 860 000 arrivals per month (statistics from 2008) from which over 10% come from outside of the African continent. The tourism industry has generated a revenue of $3.4 trillion, which represents around 3% GDP. The hosting of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in June and July 2010 remarkably contributed to the countrys economy and development of hundreds of hotels and other hospitality establishments Sà Ã‚ ¾uth à Ã‚ friÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ ° is therefore tà Ã‚ °rgà Ã‚ µting numerous different segments of tourism industry. Such as the afore mentioned domestic tourism, business tourism, eco tourism, cultural tourism but also the adventure tourism. Business Tourism The award of the 2010 FIFA World Cup was just one sign that South Africa was seen as a stable and modern country compared to other African countries. It proved that it posses first-class infrastructure and is an ideal location for intà Ã‚ µrnà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾nà Ã‚ °l Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾ngrà Ã‚ µssà Ã‚ µs à Ã‚ °nd Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nvà Ã‚ µntià Ã‚ ¾ns.Thà Ã‚ µ Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾untry hà Ã‚ °s wà Ã‚ µll à Ã‚ ¾và Ã‚ µr 1 000 wà Ã‚ ¾rld-Ñ là Ã‚ °ss Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nfà Ã‚ µrà Ã‚ µnÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ °nd à Ã‚ µxhibitià Ã‚ ¾n Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ µntrà Ã‚ µs. Sà Ã‚ ¾uth à Ã‚ friÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ ° is tà Ã‚ °rgà Ã‚ µting businà Ã‚ µss trà Ã‚ °và Ã‚ µllà Ã‚ µrs for the main reason that they spà Ã‚ µnd à Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ °và Ã‚ µrà Ã‚ °gà Ã‚ µ thrà Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ µ to four timà Ã‚ µs mà Ã‚ ¾rà Ã‚ µ thà Ã‚ °n the là Ã‚ µisurà Ã‚ µ travellers. This thrà Ã‚ ¾ugh tà Ã‚ ¾urs and leisure activities such as experiencing the African culture and safari, but also luxury golf courses, shopping and relaxation- bà Ã‚ µfà Ã‚ ¾rà Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ ¾r à Ã‚ °ftà Ã‚ µr thà Ã‚ µir businà Ã‚ µss à Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ tivitià Ã‚ µs à Ã‚ °nd thrà Ã‚ ¾ugh rà Ã‚ µturn trips. à Ã‚ n à Ã‚ µstimà Ã‚ °tà Ã‚ µd 6-7% à Ã‚ ¾f Sà Ã‚ ¾uth à Ã‚ friÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ °s fà Ã‚ ¾rà Ã‚ µign visità Ã‚ ¾rs in 2007 wà Ã‚ µrà Ã‚ µ businà Ã‚ µss tà Ã‚ ¾urists. Tà Ã‚ ¾tà Ã‚ °l dirà Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ t spà Ã‚ µnding by businà Ã‚ µss tà Ã‚ ¾urists tà Ã‚ ¾ $ 2.4 billià Ã‚ ¾n that year. Sà Ã‚ ¾uth à Ã‚ friÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ °s Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nfà Ã‚ µrà Ã‚ µnÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ µ industry mà Ã‚ ¾và Ã‚ µd up tà Ã‚ ¾ 3oth plà Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ µ in thà Ã‚ µ Intà Ã‚ µrnà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾nà Ã‚ °l à Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾ngrà Ã‚ µss à Ã‚ °nd à Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾nvà Ã‚ µntià Ã‚ ¾n à Ã‚ ssà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ ià Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾ns là Ã‚ °stà Ã‚ µst tà Ã‚ ¾p-40 list à Ã‚ ¾f là Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ °ding dà Ã‚ µstinà Ã‚ °tià Ã‚ ¾ns in thà Ã‚ µ wà Ã‚ ¾rld. Domestic Tourism In 2006 domestic travel grew by 2.7%, nearly 12 million South Africans inhabitants took 37 million internal trips. In those trips 29 million tourists were visiting their family and friends, 2.8 million were traveling for holiday and 1.9 million for business reasons. The issue the tourism department is dealing with, is the challenge to turn the domestic tourism market from visiting family to leisure tourism and thus optimize the increase in the market. Furthermore, the tourism department is running a program called Shot Left, which works on the principle that encourages South African population to travel inside of the country. This is achieved by providing information about tourist attractions, access to tour operators, reasonable prices and tour packages. Eco Tourism Eco tourism is the fastest growing segment of tourism in South Africa thanks to its divà Ã‚ µrsà Ã‚ µ Ñ limà Ã‚ °tà Ã‚ µs rà Ã‚ °ngà Ã‚ µ frà Ã‚ ¾m trà Ã‚ ¾piÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ °l in thà Ã‚ µ sà Ã‚ ¾uth-à Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ °st tà Ã‚ ¾ dà Ã‚ µsà Ã‚ µrt in thà Ã‚ µ Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ µntrà Ã‚ °l rà Ã‚ µgià Ã‚ ¾n. Thà Ã‚ µ Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾untrys wildlifà Ã‚ µ is và Ã‚ °rià Ã‚ µd , à Ã‚ °nd is suppà Ã‚ ¾rtà Ã‚ µd by à Ã‚ °n à Ã‚ µxtrà Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾rdinà Ã‚ °ry bià Ã‚ ¾là Ã‚ ¾giÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ °l divà Ã‚ µrsity. It creates opportunities for tourists which include bird-watching, nature photography, hiking and mountaineering, botanical studies and snorkeling. National and provincial parks in South Africa the world famous Kruger National Park as well private reserves, involve local communities in the management and conservation of natural resources. These communities are becoming aware of their responsibility to the environment, and with that they are also financially benefiting from ecotourism. The countrys prà Ã‚ ¾tà Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ tà Ã‚ µd à Ã‚ °rà Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ °s increased to 8%, à Ã‚ °nd its mà Ã‚ °rinà Ã‚ µ prà Ã‚ ¾tà Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ tà Ã‚ µd à Ã‚ °rà Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ °s grew up tà Ã‚ ¾ 20%, in 2010. Adventure Tourism Bà Ã‚ µing à Ã‚ °t thà Ã‚ µ sà Ã‚ ¾uthà Ã‚ µrn tip à Ã‚ ¾f à Ã‚ ° là Ã‚ °rgà Ã‚ µ Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾ntinà Ã‚ µnt, Sà Ã‚ ¾uth à Ã‚ friÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ ° à Ã‚ ¾ffà Ã‚ µrs 3 000 kilà Ã‚ ¾mà Ã‚ µtrà Ã‚ µs à Ã‚ ¾f Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ °stlinà Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ °là Ã‚ ¾ng with the mà Ã‚ ¾untà Ã‚ °ins. Thà Ã‚ µ Ñ Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾untrys divà Ã‚ µrsà Ã‚ µ tà Ã‚ µrrà Ã‚ °in, tà Ã‚ ¾gà Ã‚ µthà Ã‚ µr with à Ã‚ ° Ñ limà Ã‚ °tà Ã‚ µ suità Ã‚ µd tà Ã‚ ¾ à Ã‚ ¾utdà Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾r à Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ tivitià Ã‚ µs mà Ã‚ °kà Ã‚ µ it à Ã‚ °n idà Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ °l hunting grà Ã‚ ¾und fà Ã‚ ¾r à Ã‚ °drà Ã‚ µnà Ã‚ °linà Ã‚ µ sà Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ µkà Ã‚ µrs. Sà Ã‚ ¾uth à Ã‚ friÑ Ãƒ Ã‚ ° à Ã‚ ¾ffà Ã‚ µrs wà Ã‚ ¾rld-Ñ là Ã‚ °ss Ñ limbing, surfing, diving, hiking, hà Ã‚ ¾rsà Ã‚ µbà Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ k riding, sà Ã‚ °fà Ã‚ °ri, mà Ã‚ ¾untà Ã‚ °in biking, rivà Ã‚ µr rà Ã‚ °fting à Ã‚ °nd just à Ã‚ °bà Ã‚ ¾ut à Ã‚ °ny à Ã‚ ¾thà Ã‚ µr à Ã‚ µxtrà Ã‚ µmà Ã‚ µ à Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ tivity. Cape town Cape Town is the most popular tourism destination for international arrivals as well as locals. Approximately 1.6 million tourists visited Cape Town in year 2006 and their total spending resulted in $10 billion of revenue. Cape town has recently expanded their International Convention center and now hosts 10% of all conferences and meeting of Africa for international and local business tourists. Also real estate business and construction market has hit its peak, when during the 2010 World Cup many people started to buy summer houses in the city or relocating there permanently. As we can see, there is a tendency for international tourists to visit South Africa more from year to year, which results in overnight stays and demand for accommodation and FB. Furthermore, the Cape Town beaches are very popular for their uniqueness and layout because of the difference in the water temperature. The Atlantic Coast average water temperature is around 13 ° Celsius, and the False Bay has an average temperature between 16 and 17 ° Celsius. Though colder, the Atlantic Coast is famous for its big waves and hosts different events including the Red Bull Big Wave Africa. Issues Unemployment   Has an extreme unemployment rate, which interacts with other social and economic problems( education, crime and poor health outcomes) over 60% of unemployed have been without jobs more than a year. In second quarter of 2010 a number of people with work fell from 61.000 to 12.700 million. Income inequality The country is ranked in the top 10 countries in the world for income inequality. Black people are poorer than colored people Indians and Asians who are poorer than Whites. Public sector strikes In August and September 2010 SA unions organized a 4 week national strike involving 1.3 million public sector workers, demanding a 8.6% wage increase. The strike ended when the government had raised its 5.2% wage increased to 7.5%. Illegal immigration Many South African employers have employed migrants from poorer neighboring countries( Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi and others) for a lower pay than South African citizens. Electricity crisis After unsuccessful attempts by the government to encourage private construction of power generation capacity, the state-owned power supplier Eskom started experiencing deficiency in capacity in the electrical generating infrastructure in 2007. The lack of capacity was triggered by a failure at Koeberg nuclear power station. The supplier has been criticized for failing to adequately plan for and construct sufficient electrical generating capacity. The crisis was resolved in few month, but the margin between available capacity and national demand is still low. The government and Eskom are planning new power station (in 2025). SWOT analysis of the Tourism Industry Strengths: Weaknesses: Emerging economy Union strikes Low labor and fixed costs High poverty level Low tax Lack of skilled labor Better infrastructure and increased destination Unstable currency awareness since FIFA 2010 High rates of HIV/AIDS Opportunities: Threats: Growth of tourism from USA and European countries High crime level Low cost airlines companies (domestic market growth) Economic recession Government spending in tourism Unstable US Dollar Hosting of the 2020 summer Olympics Racial differences Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa Description Created in 1998, the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is situated on the Southwestern coast of South Africa 45 minutes, by car, from Cape Town. The hotel is embraced by the Kogelberg Mountains and bordered by the Bot River Lagoon. The Hotel is near the Cape Wine Route in the the souther tip of Africa near Cape Agulhas, and only 15-minute drive from Hermanus. Perfectly suitable for those who want to relax from the hectic life but dont want to go far away from civilization, the region where the hotel is located is rich in bird life, exquisite mountain landscapes and endless recreational activities. For guests on business there are special conference facilities that deliver standards of professionalism and comfort. General Manager Rob Kucera has been promoted to GM of the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa after three years as a hotel manager at the Westin Grand in Cape Town. Rob joined The Westin Grand Cape Town Arabella Quays as an experienced hotelier, his most notable achievement is the establishment of an extremely focused and effective management team. His business acumen and leadership skills will undoubtedly add tremendous value to the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa and its employees. Rob Kucera has extensive experience, impeccable values and immense dedication added to a huge passion for the industry. These mentioned qualities have definitely earned him the respect from his seniors, peers, employees and guests alike. Rob Kucera has made a tremendous impact on the hotel industry this far in his career and we look forward to his continued success, says Friedrich Schaefer, COO and Area General Manager of Arabella Starwood SA. Facilities Apart from the standard facilities and services as: business center, shopping mall, valet and car rental service, airport transportation service (pick up and drop off), beauty salon, 24 hours Front Desk and Concierge service, childrens playground and babysitting service, restaurants with classic or traditional food, an wireless high internet access coverage on the premisses. The Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa provides its guests with : Chapters Library Arabella Spa with indoor and outdoor pools and jacuzzis and massage treatments The African Rainforest Experience- a world first sauna treatment developed in South Africa using African products and inspired by African rains The Sport club with a fitness center, tennis courts, horseback riding, fishing and kayaking The Unique golf course, recently voted the Number Two Golf Course in South Africa and the Top Golf Course in the Western Cape by The Complete Golfer magazine Rooms and Rates The Hotel has 265 rooms in total and brings Deluxe Rooms ( Rate is 1.672 ZAR) These large rooms are perfectly arranged for utmost comfort. Each Deluxe Room has a private balcony or terrace that overlooks garden or swimming pool. Most of 46 rooms are furnished with king size beds or twin single beds. The room can accommodate 2 adults and 1 child under two in a camping cot. Grand Deluxe Rooms (Rate is 1.950 ZAR Around 213 Euro) Offer the same style and comfort as Deluxe Room but has the additional benefit of a magnificent view of the Bot River Lagoon and Arabella Golf Course. Deluxe Suites (Rate is 2.850ZAR around 310 Euro) The room has a separate bedroom and lounge, divided by wooden sliding doors for additional privacy. The bathroom is large and for extra luxury equipped with TV set. A large balcony with loungers offers view of the perfectly manicured grounds and swimming pool. The Deluxe Suites can accommodate 2 adults and 2 children under the age of 12 and one child under the age of 2. Grand Deluxe Suites (The Rate is 3.500 ZAR around 380 Euro) The Grand Deluxe Suite provides the exceptional luxury and comfort of the Deluxe Room, with the addition of magnificent views of the Bot River Lagoon and Golf Course. Presidential Suites (The Rate is 6.500 ZAR around 705 Euro) The room offer luxury and comfort in a superbly appointed private setting complete with a 24 hours butler service to attend to your requirements. The entrance lobby affords access to the guest bathroom and beautiful lounge furnished with a fireplace. A study, accessible through the lounge, ensures a quite area to work or conduct business. Awards Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is the Winner of: Africas Leading Luxury Hotel Africas Leading Spa Resort South Africas Leading Spa Resort   Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc alliance The Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is part of the Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Inc. Founded by Barry Sternlicht, it is one of the leading hotel and leisure companies in the world, with 1000 properties in nearly 100 countries with over 145,000 employees. They have a variety of brands include : Le Mà ©ridien ®, ElementSM Hotels, AloftSM Hotels, Sheraton ® Hotels Resorts, The Luxury Collection ®, St. Regis ® Hotels Resorts, Westin ® Hotels Resorts, W Hotels ® and Four Points ® by Sheraton. In 1993 Starwood Capital buys its first hotels and by 1994 owns interests in more than 30 properties. Nowadays Starwood celebrates the opening of its 1000th   hotel in China named The Sheraton Qiandao Lake hotel. Environmental sustainability: Starwood aims to conserve energy and water, reduce waste and enhance indoor environmental quality for Starwood guests. This year, in more than 90,000 rooms, guests staying in Starwood properties will be encouraged to turn off the lights. Properties will participate by dimming or turning off non-essential interior lighting, using candlelight in appropriate public areas such as restaurants and bars. Starwoods trailblazing eco-chic boutique Element Hotels brand was launched as the first major hotel brand to mandate that all U.S. properties pursue the U.S. Green Building Councils (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certificate. Globally, Starwood is increasingly focused on integrating environmental sustainability into its operations and it was important to create a partnership with a world-class organization like CI to continue to move that work forward in the most inpactful way, said Sandy Swider, Vice President of Global Citizenship for Starwood. SWOT analysis of the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa Strengths: Location: The Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is situated only 45 minutes from Cape Town offering all the benefits of the city but, at the same time, giving its guests the tranquility and privacy of a remote location. Upscale hotel: Rated a 5 star hotel The Arabella offers only the highest quality service Web page: Very interactive and beautifully designed Starwood alliance: High quality standards and strength of the brand name, the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa profits of the Starwoods achieved awards and new projects such as the Green policy History of the country: Rich historical heritage monuments and architecture Multicultural surrounding Developed infrastructure and superstructure Weaknesses: Location: The hotel is outside of the city area thus the hotel guests have some trouble getting transportation to it, even though the local transportation has improved, the regional transportation is not used at its fullest Lack of skilled labor: All though the school enrollment percentage has grown, this mainly concerns the primary education level. Skilled hoteliers are therefore still foreigners, such as Hotel School students like ourselves. Opportunities: Sports tourism: As we have seen in 2010, South Africa has been given the FIFA World Cup and presented an important economical growth, increasing the potential of their tourism sector. Having this experience, South Africa qualifies for the 2020 summer Olympic Games. We think that The Arabella Western Hotel and Spa should prepare its facilities to accommodate not only the visitors there to watch the games but also the athletes and their needs. Going green policy: Cape Town is ranked 30th greenest city in the world, plus the Arabella is following Starwoods Green Project and by incorporating the ideas and start attracting an eco friendly market segment. Threats: Unemployment rate: With the recession the unemployment rate has increased over the years. making the recovery harder. Furthermore the growth in the South African tourism will feel the crisis if the unemployment rate doesnt decrease, directly influencing the hotel. Seasonality and Occupancy level South Africa is rarely affected by seasonality issues because being situated at the most southern tip of Africa it has an ideal climate whole year round. During high seasons : November January, March April, June July and September October; the occupancy level at the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is situated, in average, between 85%-95% For the rest of the year, on few occasions that we can call a low season, the occupancy level at the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is in average 60%-65%. Competitors Within South Africa there are a lot of hotels and up and coming hotels. There is also a necessity for hotel rooms as there is a continuous increase of various tourists. The Marine Hotel Price: 200 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ for standard room No of rooms:64 40 minutes ride to city center Facilities: Spa, small conference room for 80 people and The collection boutique Auberge Provence Guesthouse Price : 390 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ for standard room No of rooms:90 1 hour drive to city center Facilities: 3 restaurants, Spa and Wellness center, conference rooms max 50 people. Mosselberg On Grotto Beach Price: 190 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ No of rooms: 110 1 hour ride to city center Facilities: Swimming pool, Lounge area, Games center, Free Wireless. One and only Cape town Price : 550 Euros No of rooms : 131 Located in the city center Facilities : OneOnly Spa Cape Town, Beauty Center, one Michelin star restaurant (chef Noby Matsuhisa), Conference room for 112 guests maximum. The Vendome Hotel Cape Town Price: 260 Euros No of rooms: 143 Located in the city center Facilities: outside pool, Conference facilities for approximately 220 guests, classic lounge, airport transfer. Based on the research, all the nearest 5 star hotels are very similar when it comes to location. However the prices are different. We discovered that Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa is larger than all the nearest hotels. Our hotel is the best place and offers the most, not only for leisure travelers but also for business ones. Long term sustainability Finally we are looking at the actions and ideas that the Arabella Western Cape Hotel and Spa can implement in order to continue to develop and become what we call sustainable in long term. An effective sustainable plan will help and maybe even ensure long life span for the hotel. By thinking about the environment and how our actions affect it we can predict issues that we will have to deal with in the near future. Therefore we can anticipate the loses and c

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

New Social Movements, how they arose and affect us. Essay -- essays re

What factors account for the rise of new social movements and what effect have they had on contemporary society? We are all familiar with the stories of suffragettes burning their bras, and environmental enthusiasts breaking into labs and liberating rats back to the wild. But what caused women to abruptly rip of their pinnies, tell dad dinner’s in the dog and start running around without appropriate underwear? What caused contented homemakers to leave the cosy warmth of their gas fires in favour of chaining themselves to trees? And are such people an eccentric minority, or have they profoundly affected the way we live and think in the western world today? To address these questions I will begin by defining New Social Movements (or NSMs). To follow I will break down a few movements in more detail, first discussing what they stand for, and then examining how they originated and matured. In the latter section I will try to determine the scope and boundaries of their influence on contemporary society. Quite strict guidelines have emerged as to what a New Social Movement is, and the kind of characteristics a political movement must have to classify as an NSM. Dalton and Kuechler suggest: ‘A set of opinions and beliefs in a population that represents preferences for changing some elements of the social structure and/or the reward distribution of society’. However, by this definition anyone with any concern for any aspect of pollution, nuclear power, the quality of life and many other issues is a member of the social movement. Most writers agree there are more definitive ways of identifying an NSM. ‘They have ideological, organisational and tactical aspects.’ (Lovenduski and Norris, 1996) The ideological side is the most ambitious and romantic: ‘ . . . social movements are challengers which seek to change the agenda of the system in which they work. They advance ideas which, to be realised, would require fundamental and widespread change in policies and in values – change which may be partially achieved through government action and legislation, but can not be wholly achieved in this way. They raise issues which question the dominant values that constitute the political culture of their society, and hence have a ‘political’ and ‘cultural’ dimension. They aim to change people attitudes on a personal as well as public level.’ The organisational side is ... ...provided the opportunity for extreme growth and broader and deeper support networks – which led to international organisations and further networking. The shift in the government’s position regarding society and its decision in favour of their causes justified and stabilised NSMs. There is now a sway towards socialism and libertarianism as in the new millennium we demand our individual rights and equality, but whether NSMs caused this or were a manifestation of it difficult to be sure about. Most likely they are mutually supporting pillars, but it is undeniable that NSMs have had a profound effect on our society and expectations. Our culture now accepts the diversity inherent in people and has a more citizen orientated set of interests with a dedication that gives our generation today the impression it has always been the way. A far cry from the slavery and the legal inferiority of women of not so long ago. NSMs have forced a new caution regarding technological and industrial progress, and they have modified the priorities, structure, and position of government. They have liberalised our attitudes towards the family, sex, drugs, film and literature, for better or for worse.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Does Doctor Know Best? Essay

At what point can a doctor act against the mothers wishes to save an unborn child? Should the court have a say in the final medical decision of a dying patient? These situations and more were discussed by the panel members where it became very obvious that there are no absolutes when making these types of decisions. The root of the argument stems from the lack of a decisive role that is responsible for making decisions when faced with conflicting moral issues. The doctors felt that an agreement with the mother regarding treatment should be followed until, according to their best judgment, she is no longer capable of making the decision on her own. The doctor is put in an ambiguous position to make a final decision since it would seem that his professional opinion is secondary to the choices of the mother. It was argued that a spouse or parent could make the decision at this point, rather than the doctor, especially if it were concerning the care for the as-yet unborn child. However, the rights of the unborn child are called into question if the choice may potentially cause the death of the child. At this point, the doctors looked towards legislative measures to not only protect themselves from legal action, but to establish some sort of precedent to follow. However, even the judge was hesitant to take on the role and stated that it should be judged on a case by case basis. Whether they maintain the agreement with the mother, or alter treatment to save the child, the doctors will always be in conflict when determining where the doctor/patient relationship lies and when it is appropriate to take action against the will of the patient.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Othello Essay Topic Iago Isn’t Completely to Blame for This Tragedy as Cassio Was Wrongly Appointed by Othello and This Caused the Tragedy

Iago isn’t completely to blame for this tragedy as Cassio was wrongly appointed by Othello and this caused the tragedy. Do you agree? In William Shakespeare’s seventeenth century play Othello readers can see that Iago isn’t the only one responsible for the tragedies within this text as he didn’t actually kill the Othello or Desdemona and all people have free will and must choose to accept manipulation. Although Iago played a major role in bringing about the disaster evident in this script, other characters played a supporting although vital role. The Elizabethan play is set during a time of war and racial conflict. This social climate breeds insecurity in the minds of its people. Of course Iago plays a major role in the tragedy that is this play. He admits he ‘hate[s] the moor’ and whispers ‘pestilence’ in Othello’s ear. The metaphor is important as Iago admits he knows what he is doing is wrong and realises the power his toxic words will have and still goes ahead. He claims both that he is ‘honest iago’ and that he freely gives Othello his ‘wit, hands and heart’ to serve his Lieutenant though Iago’s actions differ from his words. He tells us he is ‘not what [he appears to be]’ and that â€Å"there are many events in the womb of time† which is a metaphor for the fate he attempts to write for himself-â€Å"hell and night must bring this monstrous birth to the worlds light. † He plays on the racism of the time saying â€Å"if [Desdemona had] seem blessed, she never would have loved the moor† and uses this to build insecurity within Othello- suggesting Moor Othello could never satisfy the ‘appetites’ of a fair skinned woman, him being ‘black Othello’ and their union thus ‘unnatural’ and assumed ‘witchcraft’ by many. He shows his preference for personal gain over honour when Cassio is worried about damaging his reputation after the ‘barbarous brawl’ and Iago rebuts that physical wounds are worse than a damaged reputation which can be easily mended. While he claims to ‘speak to [Othello] with honest kindness, he lies and plans so that â€Å"how much [Desdemona] strives to do him [Cassio] good' by defending his name, the more suspicious will Othello be. This shows that Igao hopes his ‘purpose [shall] work on’ Othello and although he claims he ‘should rather have [his] tongue cut from [his] mouth should [do] do offence to Michael Cassio this is clearly untrue showing his dishonest nature. Thus we see while Iago gives ‘heavenly shows’ he says in an aside, he embodies the juxtaposing idea of ‘hell’ and by turning Othello against Cassio and Othello’s own wife and ruining the one he claims to serve. He admits his desire from the start to make a ‘net’ to catch them all. He makes the most of his ‘sir.. eaten up with passion’ and does not ‘lead directly to the door of truth’ showing his overt responsibility is the death and destruction that his plans propel. There is a time when we can hope that Othello may not believe Iago’s lies anymore- when he demands Iago ‘prove [Othello’s] love a whore’ but then Iago pretends to be hurt claims ‘honesty’s a fool.. since love brings such offence’ suggesting Othello lack of belief in his ensign emotionally wounds Iago. Othello foolishly falls for this. Othello foolishly believes the words of Iago when he claims he ‘lay with Cassio lately.. in sleep [where he claims people confess the truth, he] heard him [Cassio]say sweet Desdemona, let us be wary, let us hide our love and kiss, touch, cry.. curst fate that gave thee to the moor’ and of the sacred handkerchief Othello gave wife Desdemona, ‘such a handkerchief did [Iago claim to] today see Cassio wipe his beard with. ’ He says he doesn’t ‘mock’ Othello but he clearly does and Othello lets him believing Iago ‘will do [Othello’s] command’ when he does his own. Iago is though, assisted by his deceptive wife Emilia. Emilia takes the handkerchief from Desdemona which sets up the supposed ‘proof’ of the accusations Iago makes against Desdemona. She says she ‘found that handkerchief and did give it [to her] husband’ and when Iago tells her he told Othello ‘what [he honestly] thought’ about Desdemona she cannot stand his lies anymore and says his ‘reports have set the murder and [he] has killed the sweet and innocent’ and gives her life to save the name of the woman she loved but also the one she helped to kill. Her guilt propels her to confess her and thus her role cannot be ignored despite the bravery she shows defying Iago’s demand that she ‘get .. home and ‘charm [her] tongue’. Her confession ‘moor, she was chaste’ and that she loved the ‘cruel moor’ is all too late. Emilia said to Desdemona before her lady’s death ‘yes, the world’s a huge thing’ and people in it are bad and women do deceive. She showed her awareness and such an in tune woman should have suspected her husband’s ‘purpose’ with the handkerchief and known it would not be noble and never have given the sacred ‘token’ to him. Roderigo and Cassio clearly also play a vital role in this text. Roderigo supplies the money to fund Iago’s plans and does ‘put money in thy purse’ and help ‘plume up [Iago’s] will’ by doing so. Instead of stopping Iago, Roderigo accepts Iago encouraging Roderigo’s lustful mind. Roderigo could have talked reason into Iago but instead allowed iago to talk lack of reason and deception into his mind. Roderigo payed for his too great a trust in Iago with his life. Iago pushes Roderigo to ‘be a man† in his efforts to convince Rodrigo to go to war and says Roderigo ‘shall enjoy her' if he doesn’t â€Å"drown† in his melancholy state. Even though it is quite clear to everyone else that Desdeomna does ‘love the moor’ and thus all she wants is to marry and ‘live with him’ Roderigo lets his lust push him to obey Iago and ‘take thy stand,’ doing anything possible (even attempting to commit the murder of Cassio) to assist Iago when he should have seen the futility in his pursuance of Desdemona. Roderigo ends up paying for his folly with his life when Iago feels he must be seen to revenge the attack against cassio (who survived) when Cassio lays blame of Roderigo. Roderigo admits ‘It is [his] shame to be so fond [of des] but not my virtue to amend it’ but is pushed into pursuing Desdemona even after his ‘money is spent’ and he admits to having ‘little wit’ left. When Iago attacks him saying ‘what poor are they that have no patience’ he is determined to continue his pursuing when he should give up (and outed iago to Othello instead! to help avoid the tragic end. Cassio, another more subsidiary character played a small but important role in this play. He was promoted when only ‘a bookish theoric’ and ‘arithmetic’ rather than battle smart, having ‘never led a squadron in the field. ’ He was, it is suggested, not deserving of the promotion and thus Iago’s jealousy and anger is made somewhat understandable. We all heard Iago’s words to Cassio: he said to him ‘I think you think that I love you’ and never actually said he does love and or respect him. Cassio doesn’t pick up on this subtlety. Cassio also speaks quiet disrespectfully about prostitute Bianca who has supposedly fallen for him- he laughs and says he will never wed her though she ‘weeps’ on him and hangs off him and to Iago’s assertion that Bianca ‘says [he] shall marry her’ Cassio laughs and says she hangs [off him and] she weeps upon’ him this disrespect although common at this time, is penalised when Othello is set up to overhear the story of this woman’s lust and thinks Cassio talks instead of Desdemona. Although Iago set up this scenario, it wouldn’t have been possible with Cassio showing his significant part. He does though at the end claim Othello was ‘great of heart. ’ Clearly Cassio had to be more perceptive to avoid his part in his Lieutenant’s death. Furthermore Othello and his wife Desdemona have a large role in their destruction. Othello listens to iago’s lies and doesn’t realise who the true ‘green eyed monster’ is. He listens to Iago’s ‘trifles’ he trusts Iago over his beloved. He accepts Desdemona is a ‘whore’ and ‘strumpet’ with no real proof. He previously said she was his ‘good wench’ but turns on her quickly. He also turns quickly on close friend Cassio. He calls Iago ‘friend’ and though at the start he claims ‘tis most true’ he married Desdemona, he doesn’t act like a doting husband. At the start he says he won Desdemona through his ‘whole curse of love’ and ‘not drugs, charms.. magic’ and values her opinion encouraging the court to ‘send for the lady, let her speak ’ as his is confident her word will support his claims it was his tales of ‘boyish days’ that seduced her when he spoke of being ‘taken and sold into slavery’ and came by ‘cannibals’.. she ‘devoured of [his] discourse’ and â€Å"she loved [him] for the dangers [he had] passed. Yet he kills her. It is not Iago’s hand that ‘smother’ his wife, but Othello himself; he had a choice. Additionally, Othello doesn't like fighting and labels it a ‘Christian shame’ ‘barbarous brawl’ and says a man who ‘canâ €™t calm his rage’ is worth little yet his later actions contradict this. Also he says he loves Cassio but doesn’t show this either. Even after saying he ‘found not Cassio’s kisses [Desdemona’s] lips he believes Iago and claims ‘farewell content’, so easily giving up all known happiness for the words of one man. He says ‘make me to see it†¦prove it’ with ‘no loop to hang a doubt on’ and ‘give me a living reason she is not honest’ but there is none but he refuses to see it, to him the ‘handkerchief’ is proof enough. He says of Cassio ‘how shall I murder him now’ and of Desdemona ‘damn her.. lured minx.. she shall not live†¦ my heart is turned to stone’ he says ‘all [his] found love thus [he does] blow to heaven†¦tis gone’ showing he gave up on this love, he blew it to heaven only realised his crimes at the end when he went on to kill himself as self punishment. His role is unable to be denied. Desdemona was ignorant about what people, even those one loves, are capable of and also didn’t explain herself well enough when her husband convicted her. She also knew her death was waiting when he sent her to her room and she sang he willow song about a woman who was killed by her lover. This foreshadowed her death and almost showed a forfeit by this character. She gave Othello ‘a world of sighs’ he says and as she does ‘love the moor’ and love his â€Å"mind† she will obey all he says. And this love blinds her. Such blind love makes her have no fear and thus she is too open about praising Cassio. At this time were many suspected women of affairs. She claims Cassio is ‘an honest face' but she â€Å"truly loves† Othello and that her ‘heart is subdued even to the upmost pleasure of [her] lord’ so that she defies the status of woman as quite, claims her voice and speaks in court and demands to be allowed to go to war with him; ‘let me go with him. ’ But she lies to her ‘good lord’ about the handkerchief claiming ‘it is not lost’ when to her knowledge it is. She says she is Othello’s ‘true loyal wife’ but she is not truthful with him. Though she is maybe too loyal going to bed even after he charges her as being a ‘strumpet’ and committing adultery. Before she dies she claims ‘heaven doth truly know it’, regarding her innocence but some may say she doesn’t do enough to save herself. She says ‘his unkindness may defeat [her] life but never take [her] love’ and earlier said to Emilia she asks ‘there be women who abuse their husbands’ which shows her innocence and great trust of all people and not believing in bad and deception hence a perfect victim and not equipped to defend herself against Othello’s claims. This highlights the role husband and wife both played- her too innocent and him not being her protector, in their deaths. The fact he killed her and he killed himself, regardless of obvious Iago influence shows will power and their responsibility. The denouement reveals that many characters bear some responsibility for the end of the play. The final words of Lodovico shows that Iago bears much blame, after all this is ‘[his] work’, referring to the now dead lieutenant and his ‘true and loyal’ wife. Desdemona’s last words to Emilia, asking her to ‘commend [Desdemona] to [her] lord’ Othello and Othello’s about the importance of her ‘kiss’ and that even as he killed her he stated he ‘shall kill thee now and love thee after’ showed that they loved each other until the end. However they gave into the deception manipulation of others and must accept this as a fault. Othello’s suicide is an admission of his guilt and Desdemona going to her room after Othello warned he would kill her shows an all too easy acceptance of her fate.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Find Out if Your Friend is a True Friend with Our Help

Find Out if Your Friend is a True Friend with Our Help Signs Someone Is A Real Friend We all have friends, but are they true or are they just actors? Below you can find some facts which will help you define whether the person is a true friend of yours or just a pathetic actor. Real friends dont blame you for choosing work over fun. You always feel free to grab some food from their fridge. You both know that if zombie apocalypse comes and someone suddenly gets bitten, you wont kill him unless he is 100% a zombie. Your friend is always ready to listen or give advice to you regardless of his mood and time of the day. Being a good friend means you can be separated for weeks or even months, but there are still no doubts about your friendship. Theyve helped you move. (If they did this during summer be sure that they are the most real friends). Friends will be always ready to help you clean up a mess after a huge party at your house. When you think everything is over for you, real friends will always support you. Each post on a social network (regardless of what it is) is commented, liked or favored by your real friend. When someone is disrespectful towards your friend, you interrupt and handle the problem. Real best friends will do the same for you. True friends are always sincerely happy for your wins and upset for your losses. Real friends will always tell you straight away when youre being stupid or inappropriate. You dont worry that your friend will post the photo where you consider yourself to be ugly. They will tell you any painful information you might not know. You always call each other stupid names or curse words. Even when dating someone, they dont forget about your friendship. They will never leave you alone. They will never be silent about your girl cheating on you. You dont need any social networks to know whom they are dating or when is their birthday, because you pretty much already know it. They wont let you do stupid stuff at least not by yourself. Being a nice person is a key to get true friends through your life. So dont lie, dont betray and dont take advantage of your friends.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Gender stereotypes- choose an example of fashion or design that you Essay - 1

Gender stereotypes- choose an example of fashion or design that you feel is responding to stereotypical ideas of gender - Essay Example For instance, some of the clothes have evocative catchphrase (slogan) and a connotation of adult sexuality. These clothes comprise of bras, short skirts, and high heeled shoes with lace and animal prints (Challenge the media, 2014). In addition, gender- stereotyped clothes is the main concern due to classification; they are sorted out in pink or blue as well as the feminine clothes for little girls and the army or sports clothes for boys together with the make-ups and accessories targeting girls. This makes it difficult for parents as children mind are set in search a way that they can only accept what they think is right for them as a boy or a girl. They even go to an extent of refusing to wear some of the clothes that are bought for them and even mock each other depending on the type of a cloth they are wearing(Bailey and Great, 2011). According to John Berger in the ways of seeing â€Å"men act and women appear† Cited at Cranny, 2003 pg 140) .and so the manner and which a girl child will act matters most to her than how a boy child will be. In addition, the stereotypes have some conflicting factors especially when applied to certain social group due to their conflicting characters (Cranny et al, 2003). Therefore, the products and the clothing that have adult connotation are not so good for younger generations, and it is essential to put the parent concern at heart before marketing the clothes. Moreover, Gender studies and in design and fashion challenges certain beliefs and stereotypes and so the textile fashion and industrial design should be reconsidered in order to erase the conflicting issues creating concern for parents who have responsibility of raising children in the contemporary world (McDermott, 2007). Challenge the Media, (2014). End the Sexualization of Girls and Young Women in Mainstream Media: Retrieved on 5th of February 2014 from

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Neorealism and Classical Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Neorealism and Classical Realism - Essay Example The study is categorically divided into five parts. The first part defines the general conceptions of neorealism and classical realism as portrayed by the individual scholars. The second part of the study defines power in relation to the views of Waltz and Morgenthau. The subsequent section analyses the perspectives and opinions of the two theorists. The fourth part of the study reviews the critical and normative elements behind the reasoning of the two classical theories. The last section finally summarizes the arguments while stating the stand of the study. From an orthodox perspective, realism deals with the actual representation of the world and the activities that are characterized as being normal. It takes the form of a paradigm. Realism also takes the form of pessimism with particular emphasis on the repetitive patterns of politics and different regimes of power. This assumption is based on the fact that wars, rivalries and conflicts are recurrent in any dynasty. The world is populated with various forms of power struggles between rivalry political parties and regimes and various security dilemmas. These act as the realist’s analytical tools. From a realist’s perspective, the state or the country is a principle unit and actor in majority of the international affairs. Focus is however always shifted to the great economies which are regarded as having power and influence. These countries gain the most leverage on the international platform. Moreover, the state behavior is influenced by national goals.