A Potential Avian Influenza Pandemic Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedic

A Potential avian flu PandemicAvian influenza could potentially be the worlds next pandemic. The virus that causes this disease can be transmitted to other birds and humans by bird secretions. Bird migrations, as well as today?s flagrant worldwide transportation, can spread the avian influenza virus at amazing speeds. The regimen would face a disease that could wipe out millions of people. Meanwhile, the thrift would crash as money is spent eradicating the disease from the country. Poultry farmers would have to cull their birds to minimize the risk of spreading the virus. Perhaps the greatest concern active avian influenza is its potential to not only infect and kill many people, but to be used as a bioterrorism weapon.Avian influenza is rapidly becoming a great concern to health officials worldwide. The pathogen responsible for this disease is the avian influenza virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family. (University of Maryland, 2005) The H5N1 subtype, however, could potentially cause the roughly harm. Viruses are typically found in their natural reservoir, the bodies of wild fowl, although they do not always cause symptoms or illness in the birds. These viruses can be transmitted by various means to other birds and, as of 1997, humans. The 1997 outbreak in Hong Kong was the first time the avian influenza virus was noted to slew from bird to human. (CBC, 2005) Since then, health officials are becoming increasingly concerned with what avian influenza could mean in the near future. If an avian influenza pandemic were to occur, the authorities would face a deadly disease that would kill much of the population. There would be a catastrophic effect on the economy as the government must spend millions to eradicate disease and ... ...71805CIP/shtmlInternational Herald Tribune. (2005, July). A flu nightmare. The IHT Online. July 15, 2005 http//www.iht.com/bin/print_ipub.php?file=/articles/2005/07/14/opinio n/edfllu.phpMarwaan Macan-Markar. (2005, March) Bird f lu to cast off up Asian society. Asian Times. July 19, 2005 http//www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/ GC01Ae01.htmlStephen Smith. (2005, July) Avian flu found in migrating geese in China. The Boston Globe. July 15, 2005 http//www.boston.com/yourlife/health/diseases/arti cles/2005/07/07/avian_flu_found_in_migrating_geese_in_china/University of Maryland. (2005. n/a) Avian Influenza Virus. Avian Influenza Virus Program. July 25, 2005 http//www.agnr.umd.edu/avianflu/World Health Organization. (2004, January) Avian Influenza- fact sheet. World Health Organization. July 25, 2005 http//www.who.int/csr/don/2004_01_15/en/print.html

History of False Teeth :: Dentures Dental

False dentitioning, which are cognise today as dentures, are bony plates which are installed into a patients express by means of adhesion to the fleshy mandibular or maxillary arch. Although these are now relatively inexpensive and their requirement is often taken for granted, they cast off not always been so easy to come by. A look at the history of wrong teeth shows a pain-staking and quirky evolution though it is assumed that primitive versions of false teeth have been more or less since the 700s B.C., the first concrete evidence of false teeth emerges from the 15th century. These were carved of bone or ivory, or they were made from random assortments of teeth that had been dug up from graveyards. However, these had no self-contained method of trammel, but rather were fastened to any remaining teeth by means of metallic or silk thread. This attachment was manifest to the observer, resulting in a smile that was not provided extremely uncomfortable, but also unattract ive. Thus, false teeth were originally intended to serve the sole social occasion of aid in eating, not aesthetic purposes. The biggest shortcoming of these archaic appliances was the fact that they were subject to chemical decomposition reaction in the wearers mouth. Thus, installed false teeth would have to be replaced on a regular basis, resulting in a very costly procedure. However, this problem was rectify in 1774 by Duchateau and Dubois de Chemant with their invention of the first full effectuate of dentures that would not rot. This was due to their porcelain composition a material that was much more conducive to the perfunctory wear and tear of ones teeth. Although an incredible improvement, up to now the porcelain version had its difficulties. Unable to produce anything less than a full set of teeth (the meet porcelain was required to keep each tooth in place), patients who were missing only one or two teeth were out of luck, unless they were willing to have the rest of their teeth removed as well. And yet, in 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi developed the first individual(a) appliance a single porcelain tooth that could be held in place by a gloam drilled into the jawbone. Finally, in 1845, Claudius Ash, known as the official journeyman of dentures, produced the porcelain version that is now used today. His contributions included a suction method of adhesion for a full set of dentures, so that no form of attachment could be seen by an onlooker.History of False Teeth Dentures DentalFalse teeth, which are known today as dentures, are bony plates which are installed into a patients mouth by means of adhesion to the fleshy mandibular or maxillary arch. Although these are now relatively inexpensive and their requirement is often taken for granted, they have not always been so easy to come by. A look at the history of false teeth shows a pain-staking and quirky evolution Though it is assumed that primitive versions of false teeth have been around since the 700s B.C., the first concrete evidence of false teeth emerges from the 15th century. These were carved of bone or ivory, or they were made from random assortments of teeth that had been dug up from graveyards. However, these had no self-contained method of attachment, but rather were fastened to any remaining teeth by means of metallic or silk thread. This attachment was visible to the observer, resulting in a smile that was not only extremely uncomfortable, but also unattractive. Thus, false teeth were originally intended to serve the sole purpose of aid in eating, not aesthetic purposes. The biggest shortcoming of these archaic appliances was the fact that they were subject to decay in the wearers mouth. Thus, installed false teeth would have to be replaced on a regular basis, resulting in a very costly procedure. However, this problem was rectified in 1774 by Duchateau and Dubois de Chemant with their invention of the first full set of dentures that would not rot. This was due to their porcelain composition a material that was much more conducive to the everyday wear and tear of ones teeth. Although an incredible improvement, even the porcelain version had its difficulties. Unable to produce anything less than a full set of teeth (the surrounding porcelain was required to keep each tooth in place), patients who were missing only one or two teeth were out of luck, unless they were willing to have the rest of their teeth removed as well. And yet, in 1808, Giuseppangelo Fonzi developed the first individual appliance a single porcelain tooth that could be held in place by a pin drilled into the jawbone. Finally, in 1845, Claudius Ash, known as the official inventor of dentures, produced the porcelain version that is now used today. His contributions included a suction method of adhesion for a full set of dentures, so that no form of attachment could be seen by an onlooker.

Canterbury Tales Essay - Marriage and the Role of Women in the Wife of

Marriage and the Role of Women in the Wife of Baths Prologue The Canterbury Tales, begun in 1387 by Geoffrey Chaucer, are written in heroic couplets iambic pentameters, and consist of a series of twenty-four linked tales told by a group of superbly characterized pilgrims ranging from dub to Plowman. The characters meet at an Inn, in London, before journeying to the shrine of St Thomas a Becket at Canterbury. The Wife of Bath is one of these characters. She bases both her tale and her prologue on marriage and brings humor and intrigue to the tales, as she is lively and very often crudely spoken. Her role as a dominant egg-producing(prenominal) contrasts greatly with the others in the tales, like the prim and proper Prioress represents the argument for virginity, whereas the Wife upholds the state of marriage. Women were very much perceived as second-class citizens in the Fourteenth Century, they were seldom educated and had little status in society. In contrast, the two female char acters in the book are from areas of society where it was possible for women to have influence in all likelihood as these characters would hold more interest for his readership. The prioress was undoubtedly the most powerful person in the nunnery and the Wifes position as a weaver would gain her respect and power although it is implied that she achieves this through other means. Through the Wife Chaucer shows how women achieved authority through marriage, using humor typical of modern mother-in-law comedy. His tongue in cheek approach shows how the Wife controls her husbands, by terrorizing them so that each were ful glad when she spake to hem faire. The reason for the Wifes cruel treatment afterward marriage was that she no longer needed to winne hir love, or do... ...ant in the modern day church. The aspects of marriage portrayed in the Wife of Baths prologue romp heavily around sexual pleasure and wealth. Her description shows the struggle for power causes conflict, occasion al violence and abuse all the while she is justifying her spiritednessstyle and fighting for female equality. Despite no fidelity, love, or trust as deceit and affairs that seem to be commonplace the Wife of Bath s description of conjoin life is very much a comical one, which she does seem to enjoy especially if she achieves fulfillment. Altogether Chaucers portrait of 14th Century married life is at best a humorous battleground for independence, wealth and pleasures of the flesh. Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. The Norton Anthology English Literature. Sixth Edition, vol. 1. Ed. Abrams, M.H. Norton & Company New York, 1993.

Skin Cancer :: Skin Cancer Essays

Gone are the days when people sent children outside to play to get a little color in their cheeks. They survive too much close to the dangers of unprotected sun exposure and the threat of skin malignant neoplastic disease. Or do they? Despite the fact that 58% of parents remembered hearing about the importance of protecting their children from the sun, children are still playing in the sun without sunscreen or protective clothing (3., p 1). Sunburn is the most preventable risk factor of skin cancer. Skin typeface and family history cannot be changed. Protection from the sun and education of the potential hazards of the sun need serious attention. The American Cancer Society estimates that over 1,000,000 cases of skin cancer will occur in the United States this year. Of those cases, they predict that over 10,000 will end in cobblers last (4., p 1). Apparently, Americans still do not have an adequate amount of prevention information to help reduce the disfigurement and mortality f rom this cancer.Exposure to the ultraviolet light radiation from the sun is the most frequently blamed source of skin cancer. Due to the reduction of ozone in the earths atmosphere, UV radiation is higher(prenominal) today than it was several years ago. Ozone serves as a filter to screen out and reduce the UV light that reaches the earths surface and its people. very simply, sunburn and UV light can damage the skin and lead to skin cancer (1., p 1). The American Cancer Society also faulted repeated exposure to x-rays, artificial forms of UV radiation like tanning beds, and contact with chemicals like coal tar and arsenic as other causes of skin cancer (4., p 1). Additionally, if there is a history of skin cancer in the family, an individual may be at a higher risk (1., p 1). Individuals who have experienced only one serious sunburn have increased their risk of skin cancer by as much as 50% (1., p 4).There are three main types of skin cancer basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carc inoma, and malignant melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma unremarkably imposes itself on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun. It usually appears as a small raised bump with a smooth shiny surface. Another type resembles a scar that is firm to the touch. Although this specific type of skin cancer may spread to tissue directly surrounding the cancer area, it usually does not spread to other areas of the body (9.

Kate Chopins The Awakening and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay

Kate Chopins work, The Awakening, and Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House, were composed at a time when men dictated women in every part of life. They be both superior examples of literary works greatly ahead of their time. Each work exemplifies the strict social standards placed on women and how they destructively affected the women. They also controvert how the women were able to overcome over these social ethics and get towards a life of vaster fulfillment. The characters in The Awakening and A Dolls House were very similar. In addition, the trials that they confront were also very similar. Both of the female characters are confronted with the fact that they have an authoritarian for a husband, and create an exit scheme to leave them. For Nora this includes deserting her family and running away, time Edna makes the choice that Nora could not do and commits suicide. Nora and Edna also harbor a secret that ultimately leads to their choice to leave their families. In addition, both writings also take care to have similar themes. They both explore the idea of freedom and discovering ones own identity. Furthermore, they show how a woman in late 1800s a great deal had no freedom from what society anticipated of them. As an outcome, the only way they could find their own identity was by leaving these social standards inflicted by their family life. Ibsen and Chopin bulge out to purposely present their main characters in this way and use their gifts for writing to foretell a transformation in society that needs to and will in conclusion occur. There are many similarities between the two each protagonist seems happy about their marriage in the beginning, controlled by their husband, has a secret, and eventually realizes they are someone. Edna Pon... ...vald, she tells him, I dont believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, bonnie as you areor, at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that most people would think you right, and that views of that sort are to be found in books but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them. (Ibsen 112) Therefore, in the end both Edna and Nora left in dramatic ways, one leaving a life and the other leaving a family.BibliographyIbsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. Coradella Collegiate Books, 11 Oct. 2004. PDF.Chopin, Kate, McMichael, George L., J. S. Leonard, and Shelley Fisher. Fishkin. The Awakening. Anthology of American Literature. Tenth ed. Vol. II. Boston Longman, 2011. 697-786. Print.

Kate Chopins The Awakening and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House Essay

Kate Chopins work, The Awakening, and Henrik Ibsens play, A Dolls House, were composed at a time when men dictated women in every part of life. They are both(prenominal) superior examples of literary works greatly ahead of their time. Each work exemplifies the strict social standards placed on women and how they destructively affected the women. They also confront how the women were able to overcome over these social ethics and get towards a life of vaster fulfillment. The characters in The Awakening and A Dolls House were very similar. In addition, the trials that they set about were also very similar. Both of the female characters are confronted with the fact that they have an authoritarian for a husband, and create an exit scheme to leave them. For Nora this includes deserting her family and running away, mend Edna makes the choice that Nora could not do and commits suicide. Nora and Edna also harbor a secret that ultimately leads to their choice to leave their families. In addition, both writings also face to have similar themes. They both explore the idea of freedom and discovering ones own identity. Furthermore, they show how a woman in late 1800s very much had no freedom from what society anticipated of them. As an outcome, the only way they could find their own identity was by leaving these social standards inflicted by their family life. Ibsen and Chopin see to purposely present their main characters in this way and use their gifts for writing to foretell a transformation in society that needs to and will last occur. There are many similarities between the two each protagonist seems happy about their marriage in the beginning, controlled by their husband, has a secret, and eventually realizes they are someone. Edna Pon... ...vald, she tells him, I dont believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, exactly as you areor, at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that mo st people would think you right, and that views of that diverseness are to be found in books but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them. (Ibsen 112) Therefore, in the end both Edna and Nora left in dramatic ways, one leaving a life and the other leaving a family.BibliographyIbsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. Coradella Collegiate Books, 11 Oct. 2004. PDF.Chopin, Kate, McMichael, George L., J. S. Leonard, and Shelley Fisher. Fishkin. The Awakening. Anthology of American Literature. Tenth ed. Vol. II. Boston Longman, 2011. 697-786. Print.

A Good Life Does Not Have to Be Complex Essay

A good action is defined differently for every cardinal. Our parents, friends, and the media every comprise a vision that we see as the best bearing of experiencing our lives. This is different for every person, because nobody follows the exact same path in smell, and events influencing someones existence are what eventually set the course for ones perception of a good, fulfilling, purposeful life. In the cases of some, a good life does not have to be complex. A modest life is oft more(prenominal) fulfilling as a busy, complicated lifestyle.Although I dont necessarily agree that my life would be better if it were suddenly made ofttimes simpler, there are wad in the world who believe that the best thing one could ask for is simplicity. Taoists are a wonderful example of people who prefer a less-complex life in favour of a simplistic one. Taoism, a Chinese philosophy we learn about and touch upon in the spirit level Substance, Shadow, and Spirit. Substance represents the bod y, shadow represents fame, and spirit is self explanatory.In the story we learn that someone who chooses to stress substance in their life would spend much of their time gathering material possessions. Their priority in life would be trying to preserve it through building monuments that last beyond their own life span. Someone who chooses to emphasize shadow doesnt care much about their life being preserved through time. They know eventually it will all slip away and focus on doing things that other people will praise. One who lives by the spirit does not concern themselves with noble deeds.They seem more interested in self-fulfillment as opposed to what others think about them. When you eliminate certain superficial factors that our society erects too much emphasis on, life gets a whole lot simpler. Buddhists are another great example. Choosing to eliminate the need for desires through self-discipline is what it emphasizes. Desires such as material possessions are not nearly as im portant to a Buddhist living in China as say the average North American. The lack of want for personal objects arguably makes a persons life a lot simpler.When you dont have to stress or worry about having the latest phone, most coin or nicest car it makes living seem like less of a competition. Spirituality and understanding yourself better are far more important to a Buddhist then other trivial things people in our society dont need to spend so much effort disturbing about. Instead of keeping up with the Joness and worrying yourself with what you think you need, your focus can be on more important things like people and relationships. In conclusion, I do not necessarily believe a humble existence is the best way to live and it is most definitely not for me.I am content with my way of life, but I share some of the views that the people I mentioned do. I believe more emphasis should be put on the great memories and times you can have with people, because these things are much mo re valuable than a thing you can own. I dont mean to preach, and Im not declaring how much happier I would be if I rid myself of everything I own and moved to Tibet. I dont think I have the self discipline or the desire to live in such a simple manner, but with hundreds of millions of Buddhists and Taoists around the world, the simple life is what they choose and it works just fine for them.

Compare and Contrast the 2 Brothers in Sonnys Blues

The story, Sonnys Blues, describes the lives of two buddys growing up in Harlem in the early 1960s. Sonny and his brother are diametrical in the bureau the go about life in general. They were both raised in the same household, yet they grew up to be tot wholey opposite people. As the story progresses we see that both brothers have troubles in their lives and we get to see how each thinks and acts when facing such ordeals. While the brothers differ in the way they internalize and cope with their problems, they both show selfish characteristics, but ultimately feel remorseful for non being in each others lives.The narrator though an educator, is not very good at verbalizing his emotions. He tends to be the person who keeps everything inside and lets all his emotions turn to resentment. When he found out his brother had been arrested he still couldnt verbalize how he felt knowing his brother was a junkie, I couldnt believe it but what I mean by that is that I couldnt find any room for it anywhere inside me. I had kept it outside me for a long time. I hadnt wanted to know.I had had suspicions, but I didnt heel them, I kept putting them away (Baldwin). For many years, the narrator has been stuffing his emotions down, ultimately resulting in complete disassociation from situations for example his mothers and daughters death Also subsequently finding out that Sonny was arrested, he sees a kid that was friends with Sonny and automatically has anger for him level though realistically he had nothing to do with Sonnys arrest, But now, abruptly, I hated him. I couldnt stand the way he looked at me (Baldwin).That narrator is unable to cope and deal with problems as they come, instead he acts like a child, sort of folding his arms and giving the silent word or automatically jumping to conclusions to put himself on a pedestal. Sonny runs away from his problems, both mentally and physically. Even though he is facing his problems head on as opposed to the brother who s weeps things infra the rug, he does it in a destructive manner. Physically he ran away from Harlem to get away the stereotype of that area. At first he turns to practice of medicine to set up his problems, and accordingly heroin.Sonny left school, and joined the navy to get as far away from Harlem as he possibly could. When Sonny returns from prison, he tried explaining to his brother what music does for him, Its not so much to play. Its to stand it, to be able to make it at all. On any level(Baldwin). He frowned and smiled In recite to keep from shaking to pieces. He didnt want to be a prisoner of Harlem anymore, but became a prisoner to heroin. At first Sonny did not feel that heroin was necessarily a bad thing, It makes you feel-in control.Sometimes youve got to have that feeling (Baldwin). Sonny feels that even while all doped up on heroin, he feels in control of his life and his circumstances. Even though Sonny scoop ups on different approaches in finding sense in his li fe whether through the army, music, or heroin, they do not realistically solve any of his problems they just mask his confusion and indecision temporarily. In my opinion the narrator, is a very selfish man, he but cares about his feelings and not those around him.The narrator broke his promise to his mother to take care of Sonny, Two days later I was married, and then I was gone. And I had a lot of things on my mind and I pretty well forgot my promise to Mama until I got shipped home on a special furlough for her funeral (Baldwin). The narrators mother wanted the boys to be conterminous, because they will only have each other when their parents pass away. Also, the narrator has a very judgmental outlook on people, he does not let anyone state their opinion and even if he does he isnt truly listening.In an competition with Sonny, I learn you. But you never hear anything I say. Sonny is obviously upset that his brother doesnt respect his wishes to pursue a music career, along with wanting to go to the navy. Both brothers leave home, the narrator when he gets married, and Sonny when he decides to pursue his life as a musician. Neither of them take into account their mother, or each other for that matter when they go on living their lives. They both feel guilty for not being as close to each other as they could have been.Sonny makes that clear in a letter he writes the narrator, Dear brother, You dont know how much I needed to hear from you. I wanted to write you many a time but I dug how much I must have hurt you and so I didnt writeand I swear if Id known what I was doing I would never have hurt you so (Baldwin). Sonny feels bad for abandoning the family, and turning to drugs and even though he does it after sometime, he has the courage to say that hes sorry for his actions.Towards the end of the story, when the brothers are conversing in the apartment, the narrator realizes how his silent treatment and cold demeanor has affected his brother. I realized, wit h this mocking look, that in that respect stood between us, forever, beyond the power of time or forgiveness, the fact that I had held silence-so long -when he had needed human speech to help him (Baldwin). Just from a look that Sonny gives him, he understands that Sonny needed his guidance and support through all these years. In conclusion, both brothers are on a pretty harmful way of solving their problems.The narrator lets things fester inside until he explodes. Then there is Sonny while yes, he is trying new ways to manage, at the end of the day is running away from his problems. Both brothers only worried about themselves and their needs, neither take in to account their families the people that need them the most. Luckily towards the end of the story they both sort of come to a mutual understanding of each other. I think they both realize neither of them will really change how they are, and they both just need to be understanding of each other.

Best Buy Marketing Essay

scoop out Buy Inc. has been performing logical argument and providing customers with products and services in the united States for over forty-three years. From what started as an idea and a small music take a shit in St. Paul, Minnesota, best(p) Buy Inc. now engages over 1,500 big calamity retail stores around the U. S. They have constantly grown to become the bigheartedst specialty electronics retailer in the entire world.With ventures expanding into other countries such as China, Mexico, United Kingdom, and legion(predicate) others, outmatch Buy has plans to develop stores, distribution, and networks through knocked out(p) the world to better serve its customers as we become more dependent on our gadgets and technology in our day-by-day lives. While being the largest specialty electronics retailer in the entire world, Best Buy is not just about the products and services it sells. While our customers are the some important aspect of our care, Best Buy is focused on dev eloping and helping its employees grow as professionals in the workplace and better their lives as a whole.Their mentality is that if our employees are empowered, engaged, knowledgeable, and able to go above and beyond their normal expectations, customer satisfaction and loyalty pass on be built. Strong lasting relationships amongst our employees and customers will drive our profitability and growth as a company. Mission Statement Our formula is simple were a growth company focused on better solving the unmet needs of our customers-and we rely on our employees to solve those puzzles.Thanks for stopping. Core Values Unleash the power of our people Show respect, humility, and integrity see from challenge and change Have fun while being the best Core Philosophies Invite each employee to contribute their unique ideas and experiences in service of customers report customers uniquely and honor their differences as segments and individuals Meet customers unique needs, end-to-end association History Over the last forty-three years, Best Buy has grown from a single facing store to now boasting over 1,500 stores nationwide.Best Buy was originally started as a small audio-video and car stereo shop in St.Paul, Minnesota, by a man named Richard Schulze. At the time, the small retail store was named the Sound of Music. In 1967, the Sound of Music obtained exclusive rights to Kencraft Hi-Fi and Bergo Company which were the first of many acquisitions the company would make moving forward. With its immediate success, a second and third store was opened near the University of Minnesota and in business district Minneapolis, respectively. In its first year of operation, the Sound of Music ended with gross sales totaling over $173,000.In 1969, the Sound of Music was introduced as a publicly traded company for the first time. In addition, three more stores are opened in and around the Twin Cities Area. A year later in 1970, they post earnings and revenue which hit the $ 1 million dollar mark for the first time in the companies short history. In 1974, instead of operating out of each individual store, the Sound of Music opened their first headquarters located in Bloomington, Minnesota. They hired leadership staff and managers to help implement large scale management direction and decisions.By years end of 1978, there were nine stores running in Minnesota. In 1981, a natural disaster move up the small retail chain which seemed to be devastating, but little did they know it would provide insight into a new operating model that would recline the tracks for Best Buy moving forward. A tornado hit the Roseville, Minnesota store and the Sound of Music responded with a Tornado Sale which introduced low prices in a no frills retail environment that would be carried over to all surrounding stores.As a result of its success, stores averaged over $350 in sales per upstanding foot versus the then industry average of $150 $200 per square foot. Thus the begin ning of Best Buy. In 1983, the Sound of Musics hop on of directors approved the new corporate name, Best Buy C. , Inc, Shortly after Best Buy opened its first superstore in Burnsville, Minnesota. From that point on, growth for Best Buy was inevitable. With its initial public offering on the NASDAQ, it earned over $8 million dollars in 1985. In 1986 the public stock offering embossed over $33. 6 million dollars.This helped fund a 12 store expansion in Minnesota and surrounding states, Iowa and Wisconsin. Best Buy now operated in 21 big box retail stores with the grab and go store format and non-commissi 1d sales. In 1989, the Best Buy logo was changed to what it is today, the familiar angled yellow price tag with Best Buy in bold black letters. In 1993 Best Buy was deemed the nations second-largest consumer electronics retailer and was a fix and the epitome of retail prowess. In 1995 Best Buy broke into Fortune magazines annual ranking of Americas 500 largest corporations, listed as number 373.Best Buy also mandated and implemented a Standard Operating Platform (SOP), which was developed to support and manage every aspect of business within stores around the nation. Today, SOP is still around, but it has evolved as customer demands, employee needs, and the environment have impacted the way Best Buy store operate in their day to day operations. In 1999, Best Buy partnered with software giant Microsoft to cross-promote products going forward. Even today we see relevance of this as Windows 7 was recently promoted throughout Best Buy stores and commercials in order to drive business for both companies.They also were acclaimed by Fortune Magazine for being one of the top performing stocks since 1990. Since 1995, Best Buy has been ranked in Fortunes top 500 largest corporations. In 2000 Best Buy launched BestBuy. com and entered the online retailing business to compete with many others who were entering into the cyber store front space. They have continued to grow through customer base and acquirement of many brands listed below. Magnolia Hi-Fi future day Shop Geek Squad Audio Visions Pacific Sales Jiangsu Five Star Appliances Carphone WarehouseSince 2001, Best Buy has also made strides to compete in the global market place making international acquisitions and efforts to expand into the United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Mexico. In 2001 Best Buy moved north to acquire FutureShop, a large Canadian electronics retailer chain, thus paving the way for eight Best Buy stores to open in the greater Toronto area in following years. In 2003, Best Buy also made efforts in the global market by opening its first global sourcing office in Shanghai, China, and later in 2006 they acquired Pacific Sales and a large portion of Jiangsu Five Star Appliance stores located throughout China.Finally, after two years of planning, research and development, Best Buy finally opened its first retail store in Shanghai bringing the low cost, warehouse style shop ping experience to a very different market. Recently, in 2008 Best Buy acquired one of the largest cell phone distributors, Carphone Warehouse, in order to gain competitive advantage in the cellular device market. They also have begun to introduce Best Buy stores across and around the European countries as well as opening the first Best Buy Retail store just north of Mexico City.

Ballad of Birmingham by Dudley Randall

In the poem Ballad of Birmingham, Mr. Randall uses of element of paradox to illustrate the incidents of the begets verdict, and also her concern for the benefit of her beloved young child. It looks peculiar that this kid would even be acquainted with what a freedom march is, but this would be deemed ordinary back in 1960s, when Mr. Martin Luther King Jr. had meetings and protest marches to free the African American inhabitants from inequity and isolation. I feel the mother would be the one who would covet to land at the march to free her populace, not the child.In the first canto element of absurdity is used so as to make reading the poem more mesmerizing. The circumstance in this first stanza is also vital. The little child is in a worried situation and wants to assist better the lives of the African Americans. The spokesperson is letting the ratifier to construct an element of visualization of one fussy march in Birmingham. But, you realize plus I, that with peace processions an d gatherings come enmity and resentment. This is truly what the little girls mother is scared of this is why she will not permit her to attend the march.Moreover, one more thing that strikes me as a hilarious element is that her mother dresses her girl in her best attire to go to cathedral with her. The narrators style explains the reader the delight and joy that the mother obtains in her childs come inance. Something else that is sarcastic transpires in the sixth stanza. The mother grinningd to make out that her child was in the holy place, but that contentment was the final smile to appear on her face. This stanza is sardonic because if the mother deems her daughter is going to be in a sacred place, why would this be the ultimate moment she would ever smile?First, there is a touch of childishness in the first stanza. The little child tries to perform good and childlike to her mother, in the case that her mother could abandon her to reach to the march. Secondly, there is the s ense of worry for her childs wellbeing. After that, there is the tone of pleasure in the 5th verse and in the first portion of the 6th stanza. Her mother receives satisfaction and joy in getting her offspring ready to go to Minster. She is also cheerful that her darling child is going to church instead than leaving to the march.But, if you observe, in the 7th stanza that tone of elation at once converts to angst and lonesomeness. The mother does not recognize what to accomplish. The mothers tone in the ending lines of the poem presents the reader a sentiment of unhappiness and culpability. The term baby the mother exploits connotes the mothers warmth for her missing daughter. I dont know how, but for any write up her mother thinks that something has happened to her baby, so she jogs through the roads of Birmingham, Alabama calling for her daughter. She clawed through fragments of glass and brick, and then picked out her childs shoe.From this finding the mother discerns that she ha s lost her daughter eternally. To sum up, for my part this poem was brilliantly written for the simple truth that Randall is not frightened to brazen out the problems that these two civilizations had amid them. He portrays things that had happened in this thin out of time to convey his point vibrantly to the reader. Works Cited Randall Dudley, Ballad of Birmingham, (1969), on the bombing of a church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1963, retrieved on December 7, 2006 from http//www. ctadams. com/dudleyrandall4. html

“Judgements about dialects are often essentially judgements about the speakers of those dialects

Language is primarily considered to perform two major functions in society. It is designed to convey information to those around us as well as establish and maintain relationships. However, linguistic anyy (albeit from brotherly stereotypes) certain paradigms relating to class, social and financial posture be attributed to dialects a consensus that has been perpetuated in new-fangled times ascribable to the diversity of todays society and the integration of m any differing dialects and languages in cities and countryside alike. Indeed, a stereotype regarding a dialect usually derives from the views held on the characteristics of its speakers.Although a rule correlation between the aforemented stereotypes and linguistic fact has little scientific basis in reality it has non served to reduce the almost established dialect mischief rife in the media, judiciary and education systems. In the early 20th Century, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis advanced the theory that the derivative of language we intent is various(prenominal) of our social, cultural and ideological background, and ever since various linguists and sociolinguists have studied dialectal differences and correlation between dialect and social judgments therein to determine the extent and implications of dominant dialect prejudice.The coat of the British Isles oftentimes leads people to discern that the languages predominant in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland ar homogenous and that one dialect (British face) is the most prevalent byout, but dismantle in spite of appearance a nation the size of England there is a great diversity of dialect some(prenominal) regionally and socially. Though these jimmyive dialects can be categorised in vague groups such as north and south they do not adhere to any sharp boundaries or coincide with county/city lines. Instead, dialects be give tongue to to form a dialect continuum1 as they merge and alter near other cities or counties (i.e. other dialect s) so therefore one cannot see dialectal boundaries as they would be establish on social fact, not linguistic. The most ubiquitous dialects within society (Geordie, Cockney, Jock, etc.) often receive the most examen for their variation to standardised side of meat, and it is because of this that the speakers of respective dialects are stereotyped with traits common to their stopping point.However, while it is true that some dialects represent certain social and political variants, this is predominantly due to geographical reasons and not because a dialect accurately represents one cohesive body of social genre.Also, the extent of Dialect Continuum means that dialects are often bandied together into broad categories (Geordie, Scot, etc.) meaning that certain dialects are often misinterpreted as others and therefore leads to people beingness attributed characteristics of a similar dialect. This reiterates the irrational social judgments by which dialects are often quantified as its speakers can be attributed to a dialectal collective that, while phonetically similar, may be wholly unrelated. An active illustration of this is in one particular study which showed attitudinal responses were statistically significant between speakers of different dialectal groups in Great Britain in spite of the fact that respondents were inaccurate in the identification of the area from which the speakers came.Indeed, the hypothesis that dialect is representative of ones background (which is linked intrinsically to social preconceptions) is accepted by the majority of sociolingustical commentators, the established view being that accents and dialects have come to act as indicators not only of ones relationship to a locality but as well as of ones social class position 3. The primeval consensus of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (formulated in the early 20th Century by bombastic linguists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf) highlighting the striking difference between both langua ges themselves and their subsequent dialect derivatives, and that the environment and ideologies of a community are prominent in its form of lyric. Therefore, one could discern that, if dialectal content necessitates the input of social background, judgments of dialects could be verified as the respective social traits of the speaker are evident in what they say and how it is said.In Britain, people are often able to make instant and unconscious judgements about someones class affiliation on the basis of their accent4. Indeed, phonetic factors assume a primary role in highlighting ones social background. A 1972 survey undertaken by National Opinion Polls in England provides an example of how significant pitch differences are associated with social class variety. Subjects, randomly chosen from the British public, were asked which factor (from eleven provided) was most indicative of a persons class. The most popular answer was the way they speak fol smalled by where they live. Thi s evidence highlights, albeit only to a certain degree, that speech mannerisms (governed primarily by ones dialect) are considered to be more indicative of ones social class than education, occupation or income5.This is highlighted primarily through the paradigms of Subjective Inequality, which details the origins of linguistic prejudice in the public domain. Societies throughout the world credit characteristics such as intelligence, friendliness and status according to the traits of respective dialects, though these views are based not on linguistic merit rather its emulation of the received or standardised variety of the language (the most revered British dialect utilised by various official establishments such as Government and the BBC). Thus, language is shown to proliferate social stereotypes, as it is one of the qualities (albeit highly unreliable) by which one is initially judged by those in the public domain.Despite the judgements of dialects categorizing the speaker with v arious socio-political elements, one should note that, from a purely linguistical standpoint, no regional dialect displays any signs of deficiency in its ability to convey information social predispositions are therefore centred wholly on the idiosyncrasies and eccentricities of each respective dialect. This is a consensus supported by the majority of linguistic look for (there is nothing at all inherent in non-standard variety dialects that make them linguistically inferior6). People will invariably cajole conclusions upon ones persona regarding the characteristics of speech, not on its content. Indeed, due to the lack of linguistic discrepancy between the respective British dialects it is discernable that, aside from social factors, they are at random marquetised. However, many maintain that this linguistic superficiality is perpetuated by the media characters on television or radio that represent non-standardised dialects are often entirely manifestations of traits commonly associated with their respective culture.Furthermore, some Sociolinguists have propagated the theory that perceive linguistic disagreement (namely those dialects that do not conform to standardised forms of pronunciation and syntax) is a consequence of social inequality as language is one of the most important means by which social inequality is perpetuated from generation to generation7.The language and style utilised within a society has an innate relationship with the geography, occupation and ideologies prevalent in the community making dialectal prejudice easier to circulate as the social traits of a speaker are evident in his phraseology and style of conversation. This is again based upon the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, maintaining that language (and thus dialect) structure is, to some extent, influenced by a societys surroundings which in turn affects the way the community perceives the world around it.In reality, dialect prejudice is apparent in every sector of society, fro m education to business, highlighted through the matched-guise experiments conducted by Strongman and Woozley in 1969. These experiments served to highlight the extent to which people are quantified on the basis of their dialect and consisted of groups of subjects listening to people reciting a passage to assess the perceived traits of prevalent RP English, Yorkshire, Northern and Scottish dialects. The subjects were then asked to gauge certain attributes regarding each speaker (friendliness, intelligence, success, etc.). The results showed that several of the dialects emerged with stereotypical traits despite the fact that linguistically, none of the speakers had recited the passage any better or worse than the others as each speaker had been the same person adopting a series of dialects.Table 1 Results from W.P. Robinson Language and Social Behaviour (1972).RP English Intelligent, successful, not friendly.Yorkshire Dialects Perceived as Serious, kind-hearted, not intelligent.Sco ttish Dialects Friendly, good-natured.Northern Dialects Industrious, reliable, lower class.It is clear from this that society assumes characteristic inferences upon others based primarily on their dialects. In short, speech characteristics of a social stereotype inherit the stereotypes evaluation.Further evidence of this is seen from an experiment conducted in America to highlight the prejudice between public reception of prominent ethnic and native dialects. A single speaker was recorded and played to listening subjects saying the word hello in three dialects Standard American English (SAE), Chicano English (ChE), and African American Vernacular English (AAVE). Variation in the tenseness of the vowel and pitch prominence on the first syllable of hello was enough to extract a significantly accurate identification of the dialects by listeners. When the stimulus was expanded to include Hello, Im calling about the apartment you have advertised in the paper, in actual calls to landlord s (who were obviously unaware of the experiment), the SAE speaker guise was addicted an appointment to see housing at roughly the seventy percent level. Both the AAVE and ChE guises were given appointments only about thirty percent of the time8.This underlines the universal presence of dialect prejudice, the latter dialects are shown be regarded in certain sectors as less honored than the former.There is a great deal of evidence to underline lack of knowledge that institutes these social judgements of dialectal variety. Firstly, the prominent linguist Edward Sapir maintained that dialect and culture are not always intrinsically associated and that many unrelated cultures can share very similar dialectal derivatives of the same language. An active example of this was prevalent in aboriginal America the Athabaskan varieties are clearly unified despite the wide distribution of its people, from the hunting communities of Western Canada to the ritualised Southwest.The illogical stigmat isation of dialects highlighted in the stigma towards the employment of double negatives in certain dialects (an action that is derided as a sign of low social standing or poor intelligence). Whilst being both widely considered a standard linguistical construction in other languages (e.g. French and Arabic) and prevalent in such classical literary works as Shakespeare and Chaucer, modern-day English encourages the marginalisation of its practise. Thus, it is evident yet again that perceptions regarding dialects are not founded upon established linguistic principles, the case in point highlighting that syntactical and grammatical constructs are more figurative in a dialects perception. This has in turn lead sociolinguists to conclude that dialects cannot be adversely regarded on account of grammatical inconsistencies, as these features have no intrinsic consequences for our capacity to communicate or restrict the range of meanings we can express9.Furthermore, the illogical litera ry arguments by which dialects are linguistically quantified are reiterated in the cultural paradox of American and British English. In England, dialects without a non-prevolic /r/ are given prestige and constitute an integral part of the RP dialect those that do not share this trait are stigmatised and portrayed as belonging to a rural and/or uneducated populace. Conversely, in New York those containing a non-prevolic /r/ are socially marginalized whilst non-prevolic /r/ usage is commonplace in upper class society. In English towns such as Reading and Bristol this pattern is again reverse serving to reiterate that value judgements regarding dialect are completely random (at least from a linguistic standpoint).As well as this, another example of social perception strongly influencing the respective status of dialects was conducted in New York by Labov, who examined shop assistant speech patterns in three differing department stores of high, medium and low repute. The procedure was then to ask several clerks a question regarding the department (e.g. where are the womans shoes?) with two possible occurrences of non-prevolic /r/, to test the hypothesis that non-prevolic /r/ usage correlates with social class.Table 2 Results of the Labovs Survey, taken from P. Trudgill (1983).High-ranking Store 38% used no non-prevolic /r/.Medium-ranking Store 49% used no non-prevolic /r/.Low-ranking Store 83% used no non-prevolic /r/.Thus Labov discerned that, to a certain extent, his hypothesis was verified those dialects that do not frequently use non-prevolic /r/ are usually of a lower class. Also, this experiment demonstrated the paradigm that dialects are socially affected the fact that this dialectal trait is marginalized is due to its affiliation with lower classes, reinforcing the fact that views on dialect are socially governed10.The communal view of certain dialects is not determined arbitrarily they have as much to do with personal opinions regarding the dialect as the social and cultural values of the respective community. Certain dialects are given more prestige and status than others, which leads to some being more favorably evaluated than others (some are considered good or attractive whilst others are regarded as slovenly or bad in comparison). Dialects judgements are again propagated through the media, the frequent usage of RP English in official reports and programs responsible for the high level prestige attributed to those that utilise it. Judgements about dialects are therefore based on social connotations as opposed to any inherent linguistic properties. In short, it is the speaker that is judged, rather than the speech.This consensus is reiterated by Giles and Sassoon11, who cite consistent findings of subjects evaluating anonymous speakers with more standardised dialects more favourably for such characteristics as intelligence, success and confidence. In Britain the middle class is associated with not only its widespread represent ation of the standard dialect (RP or Estuary English) but also oral presentation with in a formal, tell style than more common or marginal dialects (Cockney and Indian English respectively).However, whilst many linguists conclude that social judgments are the parameter that separates dialects, the linguist Brown12 proposed the notion that perhaps there was a linguistic discrepancy between the standardised and stigmatised dialects in society. Brown contrasted the speech characteristics of upper and lower social class French Canadian speakers of varying dialects reading a pre-set passage and discovered, relative to the lower class dialects, the upper class subjects were considered as more articulate and had a better range of intonation and diction.From this, one could discern that there is an argument to support the idea that dialects are not wholly based on social judgment and that dialects utilised by the upper classes are generally more articulate and a more accurate representatio n of standardised diction (widely considered the quintessential form of a language). Nevertheless, there is a great deal that negates the validity of this information firstly, as the subjects were reading prepared material and not speaking freely they could have been judged partly on their reading ability not their dialectal traits. Secondly, it is difficult for subjects to not be affected by their personal views with respect to certain dialects, as neutrality can be hard to maintain in the artificial environment in which the is experiment was set (which could also be considered an adverse factor in itself).Though some experiments have shown that dialects are, in certain respects, revered on a purely phonetic level, analysis of ample amounts of data seemed to group together paired opposites which pointed to competence, personal integrity, and social attractiveness constructs in the evaluation of speaker voices. A great deal of subsequent research in this field confirmed that these constructs were regularly at work, and, more interestingly, that standardised (or RP English) speakers were most often judged highest on the competence dimension while bad (or regionally and/or ethically distinct speakers) were rated higher for the integrity and attractiveness dimensions13. Irrespective of social background, we can see that dialects can be judged (albeit very rarely) all upon the speakers representation of a particular dialect.In summary, the views surrounding many of todays modern dialects are primarily based upon out-moded stereotypes of the culture that said dialects represent. Though linguists have prove that language is influenced by predominant factors within a community (surroundings, ideologies, etc.) it does not justify dialectal prejudice as the information upon which these are founded are often erroneous and generalised. There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that no dialect is linguistically inferior to any other as they all possess the capacit y to convey information effectively (if they did not, they would have been discarded or adapted by its community, making their very presence today hitch enough of their abilities).Limiting the social and occupational possibilities of a certain group of people through dialect prejudice (albeit for many a machiavellian-esque social stigma), simply preserves social asymmetries and propagates tension between differing cultural factions.

Babson & American Culture

Application essay ( write a letter to your first year roommate at Babson. Tell him or her what it will be like to live with you, why you choose Babson, and what are you looking forward to the most in college). Type of order Essay Deadline January 10, 2007 1944 I am here because of the good reputation of Babson University in Academics, and at the same time I am also interested to regard more about American Culture. While studying here, I want to represent my country, Saudi Arabia and my Religion (Islam) the right way. Especially after the events that happened in 9/11, people started to look at Islam and Saudi Arabia in a negative way.I consider this letter as an opportunity to correct this image and say that we, the Muslim People of Saudi Arabia are against Terrorism. Islam, one of the three major world religions, along with Judaism and Christianity, that profess monotheism, or the belief in a single divinity. In the Arabic language, the word Islam means surrender or submission to t he will of God. A follower of Islam is called a Muslin, which in Arabic means one who surrenders to God. The Arabic name for God, Allah refers to the God worshiped by Jews and Christians.Islams central teaching is that there is only one all-powerful, all knowing God. And this God created the Universe. This rigorous monotheism, as well as the Islamic Teachings that all Muslims are equal before God, provides the basis for a collective sense of loyalty to God that transcends class, race, nationality, and even differences in religious practice. Thus, all Muslims belong to one community, the umma, irrespective of their ethnic or national background. Code 31436039 Page 2Source Dailal, Ahma, S. Islam Microsoft Encarta 2006 (DVD). Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2005 This is also an opportunity for me, that for people who looks at Islam and Saudi Arabia in a negative way will at least have a second chance of changing their minds. Since Islam is also against act of terrorism. And terrori sm have nothing to do with religion, because Islam is for peace. I hope I will be an instrument to show them, since I will be a educatee like them and will show them that I am a peace loving person. I will be like just anybody else, who looks at breeding positively.

A Hunger Artist Analysis Essay

Franz Kafka is the author and writer of the poem A hurt Artist. The thirstiness Artist has spellbound about agileing and one of the main reasons is how less people deport taken interest in participating in this weird act do it r atomic number 18 thing to do. While The Hunger Artist was fasting historic period ago, people were paying for admission to go and witness this wise and unique behavior. The Hunger Artist kept he himself concealed a cage and his priority was to be able go hungry more than 40 days.There are moreoverchers who keep an eye on The Hunger Artist to make sure he cant cheat the people who take interest in him by sneaking a little food here and there which makes him pretty angry and frustrated. Pablo Picasso drew a famous portrait c whollyed excruciation historic period ago. If you look at the portrait and have a good empathiseing of The Hunger Artist it is easy to comprehend and see close to similarities between them. The Crucifixion shows a whole variety of colors red, green and yellow representing its tone.In the translate there is a strong view of passion, tragedy and sacrifice which all kind of fits into the tone of The Hunger Artist. The photo shows a significance of being one of the most popular religious paintings. One interesting circumstance about the portrait was that Picasso had intended to have looked at only by his close friends Franz Kafkas main point is to show how there is a capitalist economy of art that has a bad reputation by others. He even painted a very unique portrait of The Hunger Artist that shows The Hunger Artist passionate about his fasting and fame is he is achieving from the public.This stories genre can also be seen in the Picassos photo Crucifixion. If you look really dense at the photo you can see woman surrounding the christ on the cross. It is obvious that the Christ was getting attention and specifically in that picture there were woman trying to come to his aid. Similar to the way two women we re trying to help The Hunger Artist and help him out of his cage except him initially refused. As you get deeper into the story its noticeable that The Hunger Artist is not as independent as he was early.After some time an impresario is t nonagenarian to administer the show and guide The Hunger Artist. The impresario gives The Hunger Artist a certain amount of time to fast and these causes The Hunger Artist to lose his free will. The Hunger Artist had his cage placed by the animals so that the people walking by to observe would have to run into him regardless. A lot of people pass with no disregard just now he does eventually get the attention of quite a some viewers. Fafka shows the famous Hunger Artist going through such emotional pain and being recognized as a sort of icon to society. oftentimes like the cage that he is in shows him being imprisoned, Picassos painting he also gives a very unique description of the Christ suffering which is very similar to The Hunger Artist bec ause shows an expression of the Christs frustration and dealing with a great amount of pain he is going though especially because he has no way of getting himself off that cross unless he asks for help. Like the The Hunger Artist he was refusing to beg for mercy and peacefully died on the cross. The Hunger Artist has a weird obsession with fasting and he makes people believe its a simple thing to do, but a majority of people do not believe him.To him a great public performance is him sitting a cage suffering and outset to slowly die from the severity of the starvation. It makes The Hunger Artist happy to see people enjoy food in front of him while he fasts and the hint of him viewing that makes him feel more superior. He does want anyone to judge his art and even there really no one that can fully understand what his main point for fasting is but that makes him proud about his craft. What makes it a great twist is that audience may not understand the art but enjoys it while The Hun ger Artist understands and does not enjoy it.Kafka kind of creates a similarity and comparison with suffering between The Hunger Artist and Jesus Christ . the impresario proves to the audience how weak and exhausted The Hunger Artist is with pictures. The peoples sudden change of behavior when viewing art is one the things Kafka dig deep into. In the painting Crucifixion you can also see the Christ has one of his arms stretched out and the other hidden the bright light, on either side of the Christ are the moon and the sun. If you also look very carefully you can see two people sitting infra the Christ playing a game of dice on a table just below the cross.This shares a similarity with The Hunger Artist because a majority of people who visited the zoo observed The Hunger Artist and acted like nothing was out of the ordinary. Thats how people treated the Crucifying of the Christ years and years ago, it didnt seem cruel or hurtful it was just a normal religious practice occurring. H is way of dealing with his freedom loss was to continually pushing to show the significance of his art. Even though The Hunger Artist would like everyones attention thats looking at the animals he in the main focuses on the people who just stare and observe him to challenge the people in the zoo.Getting very fed up because to his knowledge the people are not really all that interested and he cloaks his anger without showing any signs of madness and to them hes sort of a like a freak . But he never stopped and continued on entertaining people. Pablo Picasso shared a great sense of wanting to bed remembered for his old Egyptian style oil paintings. He actually had been in love with the two women seen in the photo their names were Marie Therese Walter, and Olga, his wife.

Desperate Housewives and Its Portrayal

My interviewee, K arn, grew up in the Philippines and has recently besides migrated to the United States. She is a 24-year old ESL teacher who admits to pondering over the meat of life yearly when her birthday is nearing. She was then enthusiastic to sit down with me to answer my questions ab bulge the core of life.For Karen, life does have an ultimate solve or significance. She cites as proof of this belief the fact that bookstores and libraries soon carry a solidifying of books that help people find the importation to their lives.There has got to be a settle to our lives. Will authors of self-help and find a purpose in life books be raking in a lot of money if people do not think that their life amounts to something? And thats another thing, actually. People are always in search for a purpose in their lives. This clamor for life to actually mean something is, I think, the ultimate proof that people come packaged with significance in life, Karen saysBeing Catholic, Karen ad mits to always sentiment that her life is meant to have purpose. She explains, I have always attended Catholic schools where religion, specifically Catholic faith, is a constant in our list of subjects. Since pre-school days, my teachers would always emphasize the fact that I am meant to table service God. They always tell me, my classmates, that we should live our lives according to Gods will.Asked what Gods will is, she answers, but what it is, my teachers havent actually defined. They did tell me, though, that I engage to always be good. I need to be kind to my fellow men. That everything I do should be in accordance to Gods law, which is of course comprised of what the Bible says, what the commandment says, etc. Basically, lifes purpose is to be good and do good so that I will be welcomed in heaven. And in way, I still hope that is the purpose in life. I cannot accept that Ive been put here on Earth for nothing. Something wagerer must be waiting for me at the end of the li ne.Karen confesses that even though shes been reared in the Catholic upbringing, there was a time when she felt like serving God was not really her purpose in life. She says that although she believed in the existence of a higher being, she defied the fact that all the laws and commandments shes been following are all dictated by human beings like her. Who can say that what the Catholic Church defined is really the ultimate truth? And that what theyre teaching is not made to serve their own purpose?And that what they inadequacy is also what God wants? I got to think this way when I started taking Philosophy classes in the University. My teachers imparted in me the habit of not taking everything in stride, of questioning everything that is being handed out to me. I also had a class, advertising I think, where the teacher had a great influence on me. He taught us about self-actualization. He always insisted on us trying to make something for ourselves just because we want to be somet hing and not because somebody told us to do. That was the point when I got to question what the Church told me that everything I do is for His glory, she quips.But a few years after her University life, Karen admits that she started to soul-search and she realized that ever since she put God out of her life, her life started to feel meaningless. She explains, There was this hollow part of me that neither friends nor a high-paying and glamorous job just cannot fulfill. I started to have this feeling that everything Im doing is for no special reason. When I started to pray and go to Church again, I suddenly felt whole. Thats when I realized what was missing.Karens opinion regarding the meaning of life was highly-influenced by her faith. Though she came to a point when she asked about the things she has always believed in, she still made a turnaround and accepted what her faith has outlined for her.

Dionne Brand Essay

Dionne Brands riding habit of diction, figurative speech communication, imagery, tone, and a strong narrative voice indicate the issue of be detached from society. Clearly, the bank clerk is experiencing an identity crisis, in which he/she is being deprived of their identity. The uncertainty in the reading of the photograph reflects the narrators lack of self and the ways in which he does not fit in. I left like you do with sunstroke. I felt dried out.. The narrators use of figurative language (metaphor) portrays the aspect of lifelessness. We look as one face no particular personal aspect, no soul ambition.All one. The language and the imagery the narrator uses conveys a general sense, and puts the narrator in the same menage as the other faceless individuals. There is no sense of individuality, seeing as how all of the pot at Palau Bidong portray the same characteristics. The individuals on the island lack personal drive because they are being used for another purpose wh ich is beyond them. Such aspects reflect those of a refugee camp, evidently residing in Pulau Bidong. Was it us or was it the photographer who couldnt ferment distinctions among people he didnt know? Unable to make us human.The refugees are evidently being photographed to serve a social/political purpose. The photographer is uneffective to distinguish amongst them because they are all the same. The imagery and tone illuminated in the quote also reflects a sense of alienation, and the idea of being estranged from the rest of society. The tone also emphasizes the idea of fearing the unknown. The themes of isolation and breakup are reinforced throughout the passage. The narrator is unable to reconnect with his/her past and is slowly losing his/her recollection of it. The passage reproduces a life which lacks all meaning and personal ties.

Oral and maxillofacial surgery

Dry. Distant Patella on a unshakable basis. He strives hard till he achieves what he has aimed for. His dedication towards work was seen in performance during foursome years of study and internship period at Carnival Dental hospital. His assistance in various oral examination and monomaniacal surgeries in Operation Theater was significant. His ward duties like postoperative care of patients who had undergone surgery were charge toting.His strong theoretical fundamentals help him in his practical work. This had impressed me and am confident just about his surgical abilities. Articulate and sharp, his work was applauded by faculty, peers and juniors. His evolved communication skills were used very well in his internship. here(predicate) I saw a different side Of his the compassionate, patient and gentle one. His desire to make a difference was apparent In his entire period under me. And t seemed like he would do more and then just absorb a career in dentistry given his inclinat ion.I gravel guided him on oral and monomaniacal surgery in fourth year. In addition to hard to do well in exams and tests his class participation was a testament to his interest in this field. I found that he had clear understanding of what was admitd in reading material and additionally he had inputs and information which was current. This was driven by his incessant desire to learn, explore and grow in areas that were to only a part of our curricular but from outside also.This was unique and a credit to his quest for knowledge. His decision to pursue dental degree in university is ideal given the requirement of dedicated and brilliant people we require in allied areas. He has my strongest recommendation for admission to graduate program at your university. Name dry. hap ideas Designation head of department, Department of oral and monomaniacal surgery.

Criminal Justice System in Hong Kong Essay

Abstr playThe give noticedidness of the criminal umpire system in Hong Kong is bear upon by different factors. Social disposition and unexclusive outlook of the somebody in running play is one of the greatest factors. The personality of the person in trial and the number of vital government connections that he or she has also affects the fairness of the justice system. Generally speaking, the justice system in Hong Kong is considered fair. This is true to almost all citizens not until a person in trial possesses a lot of connections, holds a great deal of fortune, and is a critical part in socio-political relations in Hong Kong or in the outside countries. Different factors range from hearty, political and other aspects.For an historic job involving decision-making, we know that people involved in this aspect surrender to make important, significant and tangled decisions in every part of their work. Today, it is very surprising to realize that a lot of judges/adjudicators have written only a fraction of sum total telling the moment of decision. This also includes the thought knead that they undergo each time they decide some a given subject.There argon legion(predicate) reasons to think about and reflect about this on-going silence. One of the most important reasons is that the declaratory theory of juridic decision-making persuaded decision-makers to further conceive that their personal role in the decision making is put to a nominal percent. The decision-makers role in interpreting our very give Constitution will alone be a factor which declares about differentiated purposes.Correspondingly, in discovering many differentiated and widespread laws to administer a case, the decision-maker is simply carrying out a straightforward application of logical reasoning. The outcome of this process is not a intro of the judge. The creation of the decision came and grew out before the time the judge even thought about the person in trial.The thought o f stereotyping judges as to merely being a purpose driven person or a propaganda administrator is not good. Somewhere in the middle of that range will most likely produce judges which will slowly show a fair degree of consistency. As we know, we can eer suggest that each case is different form the other and it is always subject upon its own unique facts. These facts and truths will be found in the language and structure of the article and file away that the decision-makers scrutinize.Because of this, we can always deny and renounce any type of attitudinal philosophy. We, as rational human beings, can always seek to discern and determine diverse and differentiated styles and approaches. This of course greatly depends on whether the act in question concerns criminal violations, tax evasions, compensation benefits or otherwise. In the process of analyzing different views about statutory construction, I have a great deal of certainty that there must always be an explanation at a high er level of reasoning.Reasoning, decision-making, and implementation of statutory laws in Hong Kong are considered fair enough. The main structure of the criminal justice system in Hong Kong and the fairness of their decisions are affected by the following factors. First, political connections even a good judge will have barrier in denying this factor. Political connections range from having a wide array of known people and having the full abide of all the persons/groups. Second, social disposition a judge will most likely consider the social disposition of a defendant once he/she is in trial.If the conviction or the release of the state person will largely affect different sphere of influences in the country especially the economic sector then most likely the decision of the judge will be a little piece of music in favor to the defendant. Third, funds yes, money. Having a lot of money in Hong Kong changes everything. We, of course, are not assumptive the fact that all judg es in Hong Kong could be bought by money. Money plays an important role in the fairness of the justice system of Hong Kong by providing a mathematical loophole in the decision making. This idea penury not to be discussed a lot because we all know that in todays businesses and transactions, money is power. On the issue of having a fair justice system in Hong Kong, I do believe that they can still be considered fair. This is because of the various external influences that they receive. But of course, the factors affecting the decision of the jury or judge are still very much alive and pose a great amount of threat to the equality and fairness of the trial. Factors that affect the fairness of the justice system in Hong Kong are not confined to the topics that I have mentioned. These factors start from the individual himself and go beyond the usual factors like money, social disposition and government connections. Certain strategies put up by the defensive side will not be confined to just manipulating the decision but also the key persons involved in the all in all proceedings. Hong Kong is a place of organized crime groups and rich people. I will leave all of these to your own imagination on how creative and clever these criminals and rich people might be in escaping possible guilty declarations.ReferencesForrester, R. B (1986). Law and the Loopholes. New Jersey. Aurora Publishing.

Gavin Menzies’ Voyages

Gavin Menzies Essay Gavin Menzies was a royal navy submarine senior pilot that worked for the British government and now is trying to let the world know his opinion on the stripping of the Americas did the Chinese discover the Americas before Columbus? Menzies takes on a voyage where he tries to find demo to support his thesis and comes up with several different theories his first stop Calicut. Menzies claims that the Ming dynastys historied navigator Zheng He managed to reach the cape of good hope and from on that point he should gestate reached the Americas too.Gavin also claims that a famous Italian writer of the time, Nicolo Di Conti, superpower have made contact with Zheng s fleet in Calicut and might have also left with them for the New World Unfortunately for Menzies this idea was quickly discarded for there are historical records that suggest that Di Conti immediately returned back to Italy after his trip to Calicut ( he might have also carried some Chinese uses of th eir voyages with him).Menzies then pulls out some more evidence that a map found was possibly a Chinese map that led to the islands of the Antilles, but according to a hardly a(prenominal) historians and cartographers, the maps were confusing inaccurate and the islands were displaced in random places. The possibility of a slip expression on one of the tropic islands was rejected by many geologists that state that those rocks where there for no peculiar reason.Still not giving up on his quest, Gavin Menzies slightly alters his theory he affirms that an Italian, Verazzano, went on a voyage with the Chinese and stating that he proverb raft running like Chinese but as we already know, even Columbus, thought that the people he thought were Chinese but they were just the Native Ameri sack tribes that lived on the coastline.It was also confirm that Indigenous people were descendants of other Asian tribes that might have reached the Americas by crossing an fixed passage in North Ameri ca. There is no concrete information or evidence that the Chinese ever got to America, because if that were so than the Chinese would have set up outposts, settled or maybe started commerce the tropical goods with Europe and probably could have made a fortuneLastly, Menzies tries convincing the people when he claims that an old Chinese report states that the Ming fleet arrived at the shore of about 3000 different countries(the only way to do this was by reaching the Americas too) The Chinese historian that owned the archives rejects this last of Gavins theories because of a elementary calligraphy misunderstanding the Chinese character means 30 and means 3000 so the record can be misunderstood because the record actually just meant 30 different countriesAny claims concerning history, especially when it has been firmly accepted by historians and other professionals on that certain topic, should have reliable and plausible evidence on with clarifications and explanations to be supported That is how history has been built up so far and its how it will continue to be built. When an argument concerning history that relies on inaccurate evidence and unsupported theories, such as that found in Menzies show. The argument does not deserve to be reconsidered.

Applied & Theoretical Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied & Theoretical Research - Essay Exampleustrial and commercial technologies, application of query to find out and streamline scientific knowledge to meet specific commercial results with respect to the production, deliverance, sourcing and exclusively the other departments of the industry would refer as employ question. In other fields like health care and medicine applied research would utilize the abstractive knowledge acquired through prior research to design procedures and tools to meet newfangleder challenges in the industry. In other words this kind of research in aesculapian and health industry would direct towards very specific outcomes like the development of new drug, a new therapy methodology or a new surgical procedure. These kinds of experiments can be conducted in animals and other simulative setups to turn in and standardize an existing knowledge which is usually a product of theoretical research. Australian Research Council has specify Applied Research as an original investigations undertaken in order to acquire newknowledge further is directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective (ARC, 2008). North Western University has defied applied Research as research which studies the relationship and/or applicability of theories or principles to the solution of a bother (NWU, 2008).Theoretical research generally has no relevance with the implications of its findings. It is basically undertaken as a re-inquiry to achieve increase understanding on a proved phenomenon and also on observable facts. This kind of research includes an assertion and the whole effort would be towards either confirmation or rejection of the underlying the assumption made by the research. Observation, description, measurement, experimental manipulations are the tools used by theoretical research in order to formulate and continue knowledge (NJABR, 2005)Theoretical research can be broadly classified as pure theoretical research and oriented st rategic basic research. Pure theoretical research is undertaken to

Laplace Transforms Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Laplace Transforms - Coursework ExampleMany engine room applications which are not resolvable using ordinary differential equations can be solved by Laplace transforms provided the Laplace transforms exist. The Laplace transforms seek the exponential influence to exist. Many real life Engineering applications can be brought into the purview of exponential order and also it insists the derivative to exist and piecewise continuity must be present. The foremost advantage of Laplace transforms is it converts difficult differential and inbuilt equations to simple algebraic equations which is easily solvable rather than the original differential/integral equations. It can be used in electrical circuit theory to know the original current passing finished a circuit for a given electromotive force, inductance, resistance and capacitance. It is used in vibration theory because it resolves enjoyment into moments. It is used to find the bending moment of any RC column in Civil Engineering applications. In circuit theory it is more used. In harmonic oscillators, optical devices also Laplace transforms are used. In springtime vibrations relating to Mechanical Engineering problems it is much used. In chemical reactions involving differential equations, Laplace transforms are used. Because of the nature of converting from time theater to frequency domain it is used in Biological (genetical) and stochastic applications. It is widely used in Engineering since many Engineering problems involve the complex differential and the integral equations.

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay ExampleWhile a negligible amount of mobility of faculty is healthy, high invests of disorder exist and entrances are not favourable. The departure of both faculty member disrupts the teaching and research program and leaves the students without any familiar advice. High upset normally leads to soaring administrative cost requirement for recruitment, selection of faculty, training and development of the new faculties. In addition, the remain faculty shoulder the increased workloads without any increase in pay. The turnover rates can take up the prospective employees of the universities and leave a negative impact. High turnover is often related with poor productivity, lesser line of credit satisfaction and also stress among the members. The disruption and cost of faculty turnover has also lead to new(prenominal) undesirable outcomes which tend to be less noticeable than dispirited and overworked remaining faculty. In a passel conducted by Virginia University, it was analysed that the computer science department had the highest rate of turnover and the females undergraduates represented the highest rate of turnover. The unwanted outcome which gets associated with turnover often get exacerbated when faculty for replacement are hard to influence (Cohoon, Shwalb & Chen, 2003, p. 1). According to a study conducted in Texas it was analysed that the faculty turnover rate aver dated to about 6% for populace universities and is said to have remained unchanged from the fiscal year 1999. The faculty turnover is lower at fall apart and larger established universities. It was found that universities with 500 tenured had overall turnover rate of about 5% and it was 7% for some other institutions (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2001). Faculty turnover has antithetical meanings at different ranks. For example, at the level of assistant professors, turnover reflects voluntary movements with respect to other institutions and i nvoluntary mobility and at this pegleg it reflects voluntary mobility. At the professor level, it reflects voluntary mobility and also retirement decisions. Studies have suggested that, in addition to other factors, the faculty members salary is one of the major influences leading to faculty turnover save no study has yet addressed the extent to which the salaries or compensation tends to affect the faculty turnover rate (Ehrenberg, Kasper & Rees, 1990, p. 3). As per research, it was found that the reason for faculty members to stay or leave depends on the age of the professors. The relation between the age of the faculty and rate of turnover tends to follow a U-shaped curve as researchers have found that younger members have a high rate of departure, which declines during mid-career and rises again during retirement issue (Ingersoll, 2001). As per the findings from other universities, most of the universities have researched and found the reason behind the high rate of turnover mainly through primary research based on questionnaires. The respondents will be the senior professors, associate professors and also the assistant professors. The same technique was used by Texas Higher Education to arrive at the conclusion as to why the turnover rate was high (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2001). Similarly, the patriot University in Boston would follow the same technique to determine the problem statement of high turnover rate at the University. Research

Reading Response 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Response 5 - Essay ExampleThe rule is to engross a erratic verb with a singular subject and a plural verb with a plural subject. However the sleek part is to identify the subject and recognizing it as singular or plural. The next step is then to use the appropriate verb. If the subject is singular, an s is added at the end of the verb. For example, in the time, The cat chases the birds, Cat is the subject which is singular and hence the verb used is chases rather than chase. There are some rules which are important in recognizing the subject as singular or plural. They are listed belowA paragraph is a gathering of many sentences that are carefully organized and talk about the same subject. A paragraph dialog about a single idea which is stated clearly in the outlet sentence. The topic sentence can be at the start of the paragraph or anywhere in between. All paragraphs conserve a certain structure, mainly the introduction, body and the conclusion. The introduction usua lly contains the topic sentence along with other sentences that provide the reader with the background information. After the introduction, comes the body of the paragraph that talks about the topic introduced earlier. It builds up the topic using facts, arguments, examples or other information. In the end comes the conclusion which is necessary to wrap up the whole paragraph. The conclusion summarizes the main ideas stated in the paragraph and may talk about the implications of the topic

Business Case Study - F. X. Pounds Inc Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business - F. X. Pounds Inc - Case Study Example secondly the initial and fixed toll to setup a distribution argument is lavishly. Fuel sector has long government intervention in its running too. Such conditions make it difficult for a new enemy to enter and survive in the market. (Hill & Jones.2010) Rivalry among established companies FXPs competitors are usually also oldish family own companies with fixed established loyal customers and championshipes. The crave in the sector is highschool and FXP must stir been facing high competition in order to capture market share and maintain profits. (Hill & Jones.2010) 1. force of customers In FXP, the fuel sector customers usually do not have very high force play to influence prices or cut be as the prices are influenced by governments intervention and are usually fixed. However in the land fuel products customer can bargain closely the prices being offered and FXP might have to cut its cost to retain its customers. (Hill & J ones.2010) 2. Bargaining power of suppliers The suppliers do form a significant position in every industry. FXP is mainly involved in distribution business where the suppliers have a significant power to effect companys cost and ultimately the price. (Hill & Jones.2010) 3. casualness of substitute for products The energy consumer sector supplies many products which can be used as each others alternatives. For e.g. woodwind can be used as a substitute of coal etc. It is extremely valuable for FXP to sell the best quality at competitive prices in order to stop its customers switch to substitutes. (Hill & Jones.2010) Cost-Leadership by and by the industrys analysis and the competition there in it could be suggested that FXP should adopt a cost leadership strategy out of Porters strategies, other being differentiation and focus because of high demand, high customer and supplier power and many replacements for companys products. There is increasing demand in the market and it is imp ortant for FXP to maintain and capture market share by decreasing costs and offering better prices than those offered by the competitor. As the environment in which FXP operates is extremely dynamic and the prices swing is frequent, it is necessary for FXP to lower down its cost and supply at the lowest price even when the prices are high in the market. Differentiation and focus are not suitable strategies as there isnt untold room for an innovative product or a product for which customer will be go down to pay a premium price. (Botten & Chartered Institute of Management Accountants.2009) Fragmented Shareholding Being a family owned and managed business since its inception FXP continues its shareholding in the family which caused fragmented shareholding. No one except Pam and the new CEO Bruce took parcel in managing the business. Additionally the death of the two shareholders and their shares being further transferred to their children were the main causes of fragmentation. Age ncy issues, transfer of shares and managing the business are the issues associated. In the current situation, Pam at the board meeting should raise the fragmentation issue for banter and should inquire how the other shareholders view the problem. A clear and proper policy

The Political Role of Veterans Healthcare Term Paper

The Political Role of Veterans wellness palm - Term Paper ExampleFrom this research it is clear that the wellness Care Industry of the get together States of the States is generally composed of antithetical legal entities. The facilities that make up the said industry are by and large owned and operate by the members of the private sector whereas health share insurance spend a penny perpetually been provided by the government. The efficiency of the American health business organisation system, however, has always been doubted. Various calls for health care rectifys have been made in view of the allegations that the health care industry is nothing but a gold making scam where large insurance firms and health institutions participate in. The following problems are usually unmingled with respect to the health care industry of the United States (1) medical bankruptcy, (2) premature deaths among those who are un- and under-insured, and lastly, (3) the wasteful flows of funds th at maximize the profits of insurance companies. Longman, the author of the book entitled Best care anywhere why VA health care is better than yours cited the reforms taken in the Veterans Health Care Industry. Longman argues that the reforms in the entire American Health Care Industry must emulate the model in the Veterans Health Care garbage disposal in view of the capacity of the latter to significantly improve and properly cater to the medical postulate of the veterans. Aside from Longman, there are other scholars who have also focused on the comparison in the midst of Veterans Health Administration and other systems of care in the country. In sum, all of these studies have pointed out that the Veterans Health Administration delivers health care more efficiently as compared with the other health care systems in the United States of America (Kerr, et al., 2003 Petersen, et al., 2003 Rosenthal, et al., 2003). In this sense, these authors have highlighted the need for the health care policy makers in the United States of America to reform the other systems of health care in the country by focusing on the improvements to the Veterans Health Administration as a Model. On the other hand, however, this study focuses on the current issues that strickle the Veterans Health Care Industry. Arguably, the policies concerning the Veterans Health Administration have likewise been significantly affected by the governmental processes concerning them. In this sense, this paper focuses on the following issues (1) the role of political process on health care delivery, (2) the role of the demanders and suppliers of health policies, (3) how the political process affect cost of health care, human resources and various health care facilities, (4) the involvement of various levels of government in the political process and its effects on health care delivery, (5) involvement of interests groups and organizations in addressing the issues to sway modifications to policy/formatio n of policy, (6) strategies and recommendations and lastly, (7) the future of initiatives in health care delivery. The Role of the Political Process on Health Care Delivery Before going through and through the analysis of the different issues that currently affect the Veterans Health Administration, this section first focuses on the role of the different political processes on health care delivery. As a general rule, it was claimed that investments in health care are often employed for various political reasons rather than focusing on its benefits for the citizens. Evidently, health reform in various parts of the world, whether in developed or developing countries, is a highly political process (Benoit, 2003). In fact, other researchers even highlight the tendency for politicians to put healthcare reform at the center of their campaigns during electoral seasons. Apparently, health care reforms, as essential part of the political processes most peculiarly with respect to campaigns f ocus on the following (1) the efforts as regards building better health care facil

Discussion questions4 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion questions4 - Article ExampleVicino3 maintains that the creation of suburbs was a deliberate effort by the federal government to change the countrys development class and shape individuals preferences. Political processes and support of public policies feed were contributory factors in suburb development. Leaving the city does not solve its problems as promoted by Fords proposal. Displacement of people from the cities would initiate work shift and or transfer of problems to other parts of America. Those who leave the city would still require the government to come through them with other social amenities. The Brookings policy approach proposals to solve public problems in first suburbs are effective. Policies that delivery challenges special to elderly society members would solve related public problems. Policies should address concerns of foreign-born residents of first suburbs4. Promoting regional coherence through policy initiatives would solve public problems rela ted to policies.Mollers statement is a development-conscious and justified. objet dart displacing people from one place to another along with development, the proponents essential also set fit consideration for the remaining populations wellbeing. Housing policies are important in controlling development during displacement5. out front the government commences displacement and resettlement of population from a city or neighborhood, it must ensure that adequate policy exists to managing the affairs of population remain behind or perceived as abandoned. Housing policies must exist to support the process of suburb development Failure to implement relevant policy provisions duplicates the constraints instead of presenting a

Ethical Behavior of Employee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ethical Behavior of Employee - Essay ExampleMenzels configuration model suggests that the employees conduct is regulated to spur obedience to minimum standards and legal prohibitions what the law says, what the rules mean, and what single needs to do (Ethical Moments in Government page number). Employees must abide by the applicable rules and practices to watch out of trouble. If they break the rules, they will be subject to punishment. Punishment would be harsh to those who break the rules with headstrong intention and less harsh if the rules are broken due to ignorance (Menzel, PM nonnegative). In sagacious contrast, Menzels integrity-based model is value driven, not rules driven. It combines the awareness of public service ethos, ethical standards, and legal prohibitions, as well as the process of moral reasoning to inspire exemplary actions and ethical conduct (Menzel, Ethical Moments in Government page number). Values may differ depending on the mission, leadership, incen tives, awareness, education, and training, aspirations, and culture (Menzel, PM Plus). The employee must choose what is right and what is wrong depending on these considerations. Let us take the city carriages ethical dilemma here. From a strict compliance point of view, the city manager has no deal with the neighboring community. A verbal agreement is not enforceable under law or under contract in such a situation. As there is no compliance-based ethical anesthetise here, he could go back on his word with the neighboring community and accept the higher invite from his own community without violating professional ethics.