Financial Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Financial Services - Essay Exampleave assumed new perspectives with most of the consultative usefulnesss being focused on marketing particular proposition financial products to the customers rather than highlighting the electromotive force difference benefits, scope and efficiency of different products.The financial advisor receives commission based on the sales of the specific financial product. In view of this lack of transparency and increasing variation in financial charges by service providers are considered the primary reason behind the framing of the Retail Distribution Review (RDR). The RDR was initiated by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in June 2006 with the primary objective of shifting the retail financial service industry away from commission based revenue paid by customers for financial advice. The RDR proposes to remove much(prenominal) practices and provide a ground for fair customer treatment. Under the proposed FSA rules, an advisor firm will be prohibi ted from holding itself out to a retail client as acting independently unless the advisory service that it offers to the client is unbiased and unrestricted and based on a comprehensive and fair compendium of the relevant market (Smith, 2009).The key features of the RDR are improving the clarity for customers about financial advisory services, addressing the potential for remuneration bias, and increasing the potential standards of advisors (Davies, 2009). The RDR will have an impact on any financial institutions or agencies involved in retail investiture dealings, trading and professional bodies, financial product providers, advisory firms, distributors, investment advisors, banks, building societies, mutual funds, and consumers (Davies, 2009). To gain an improved understanding of the impact of RDR on retail investment markets, firms should carry on an impact analysis to evaluate the effects of this framework on their business (KPMG, 2010). There are summate of challenges facin g the effective implementation of RDR in the present industry environment and existing business

The Declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US Essay

The declaration of Independence and the Major Issue of the US - Essay ExampleThe Declaration of Independence no precariousness was spanking because it united the colonists justified the reasons for liberation, and stated the salutary neglect that was enforced by the King.The scene in 1776 during the meeting of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia was a very crucial one. The colonists have already fought some battles together yet were missing on the aspect of unity(Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.). The Declaration of Independence was alert as it united the colonists since many were reluctant to break away from their birth nation. Many wanted to agree and mend relations with Great Britain. The Declaration of Independence boosted the unity of the colonists and boldly stated the justification for the time interval from a ruthless regime (Purpose of the Declaration of Independence.).The new birth of a nation, independent from the British rule, was faced with a new s et of challenges. Undoubtedly, the birth of the new nation has no central governing body to replace the traditional statutory legislation of the British Parliament. Hence, issues such as commerce, trade, national security became vital issues. The members of the second had to take the obligation in the absence of a national government. The Articles of Confederation was a catalogue that was supposed to define the separation of powers in both the federal and state level. Since the Article of Confederation was adopted in March 1781, the government of the United States continued to enforce its federal powers.

Soft power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soft baron - Essay ExampleThe first hassle is that a landed estate has diverse individuals who substructure either choose to like the attraction or not. In addition, whether the appeal will result to the capacity to influence the countrys insurance policy depends on the groups in the country who deem it attractive and not forgetting. In addition, the level of authority in policymaking is equally important. Secondly, policy making at national level proves to be more intricate compared to the personal level. It has diverse dynamics that emphasize mainly on coherent deliberations (Fan 150). The spatial relation gives little space for emotional elements and consequently minimizes the finespun power effect. Fan (150) affirms that since voiced power proves to be both uncontrollable and impulsive, it would be difficult to case it in an organized and synchronized manner.Soft power implies the ability to shape the inclination of others. Whether power can operate effectively at state l evel will remain questionable. This is true because soft power exercised by a certain country may have a positive impact on the partisan elite and have undesirable influence on the public in another country (Szczudlik 46). Several complicating factors are responsible for shaping the association amid countries. The situation leaves soft power playing a minimal role towards such a relationship. Ultimately, strategic interests determine the relationship amid countries as opposed to soft power. In addition, one cannot envision a country having enormous soft power without the back up of hard power. It is not strange that the United States is a superpower that possesses immense hard and soft power.The situation implies that countries may share a common agenda or cultural affiliations and still create somewhat form of distance regarding matters of national relationships. The association amid China and Japan proves to be a good utilization to attest this occurrence. Szczudlik (46) argues that regardless of the historical cultural affiliations and

540 team paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

540 team paper - Essay ExampleThat is, when both the companies announced their plans to merge, the financial replication that impeded the progress of the actualization of merger is the view, that, large stock transactions between HP and Compaq erupt to be statistically more risky. So, immediately after the announcement, H-Ps stock closed at $18.87, down crisply from $23.21 the previous trading day. On May 3, 2002, when the deal was officially consummated, the stock ended the day at $17.44 (KnowledgeWharton, 2004). But, this skepticism and the initial problems were overcome by the HP management by looking at the overconfident aspects of the merger. That is, the HP management wished that through large stock transactions (which were considered risky in the first place), HP will be able to achieve annual cost savings of $2.5 billion, which will add $5 to $9 to each HP share and at the same time will increase salary per share by 13% during the first year following the merger (cyberme dia India Online, 2003). This positive answer or strategy worked in favor of the merger in 2002. So, the outcome of the companys positive response to the financial issue, and the resultant merger, is HP was able to dominate the sector of desktops, laptops, and servers in various world markets. But, on the other side, even after the merger, there was opposition from the scions of HP separates. That is, both Walter Hewlett, son of HP founder William Hewlett and David Woodley Packard, son of co-founder David Packard opposed the merger for various reasons including the risks caused by large scale transactions. But, now the merged entity is surgical process smoothly without any major hindrances.Like in the Lester scenario, in which the merger plans between Lester Electronics and Shwang-wa does not earn due to the financial issues, the merger plans between French companies, Gaz de France and Suez O. K. also gets

Responses from DQ1 andDQ@ CC and AAw2d2 1 and 2 Assignment

Responses from DQ1 andDQ CC and AAw2d2 1 and 2 - Assignment modelingIt does also not protect junior employees from manipulation by their of age(p)s. The act is therefore more interested with accurate financial reporting of corporations to the Securities and Exchange cathexis. A spot check on the act shows that it solitary(prenominal) affects international auditors, boards of directors, corporate roles, and the PCAOB in a move to heighten investor confidence in the organizations (Halbert, 2010).It is exceptionally adjust that corporate employees fear losing their jobs if they decided to talk about illegal activities in their organizations. However, employees have of late been teach of their rights incase of unjustified work termination. According to Cox (2009), the Sarbanes-Oxley act (2002) is exceptionally clear on the responsibilities of senior executives regarding their roles in their respective organizations. Of importance to the executive is giving truthful financial infor mation to the Securities and Exchange Commission and this is his or her duty to loyalty towards the organization, and to some extent, duty to care (Harris, 2003). The Sarbanes-Oxley act also protects the corporations from executive malpractices therefore, external auditors and PCAOB are mandated to check any irregularities that may arise from senior corporate executives. It is therefore very a great deal agreeable that the Sarbanes-Oxley act has helped streamline corporations that are prone to

Visual Impairment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual Impairment - Assignment ExampleDue to this, they are non able to differentiate colors as well as to beleaguer obstacles that whitethorn pay back across their path. While walking with blind folded eyes, all one sees is darkness which nocks it impossible to describe the environment in which you are in for example whether ugly or beautiful. Spatial awareness also is an grand feature that visually impaired people lack. This is the ability to distinguish the surroundings in which a person is which helps one to easily spot and comprehend issues. As such, a visually impaired person may not be able for example to translate other peoples facial expressions which could help him to read their attitude towards an issue.During the activity, various environmental and physical issues were encountered. For example it was difficult to walk without the help of a cane. Using it made it easier to stabilize the body thus making walking much easier. It also helped to evade physical obstacle s thus reducing the chances of causing an accident or being injured. Accessing doors was also difficult since it was wicked to estimate their exact location. I had to be guided by another(prenominal) person in parade to access the doors without falling through the stair cases that lead to the doors. During this time also, it was difficult to follow the directions that were given to me since it was not possible to approximate the exact distance that I was supposed to cover in order to make turns that would lead to my destination.Getting around the campus with a visual impairment is a difficult task specially while navigating through the numerous foot paths which lead to different sections of the campus. Finding directions required the support of another person i.e. my partner, who held my hands and guided me to the right places after I almost fell into a drainpipe tunnel. Accessing doors was the most difficult task first

Survey analysis for online resale shop Case Study - 1

Survey analysis for online resale shop - Case Study ExampleNo thespian was forced for any sort of unwilling participation. Additionally, all participants were given the right to withdraw from participation in the study at any stage. The researcher has also unplowed the element of confidentiality into consideration. Personal information of selected participants has been kept intact.The ambition in the global business market s very intense these days. This intensified competition across markets have make the survival of business next to impossible, It has become very difficult for businesses to prevent their potential customers in the age of advance technology. However, e-business in such instance is one platform where businesses atomic number 18 competing against each other to win their potential customers. For businesses to succeed it has become very important to offer both local & online services. To further acquire these details in depth, this study has selected quantitative re search method. Using this, spate has been conducted. From the survey, it has been acquired that out of the selected 250 participants, 198 participants agreed that they same(p) shopping online while 52 participants should resistance towards online shopping. From the responses it is noted that most of the participants like shopping online. Many of the selected participants also believed that they usually shop luxury goods from shopping malls such as Westfield, Selfridges, Harrods and so on In such instances, they spend 251 - 350 on usual basis on luxury goods. The most plebeian platform selected by potential customers to make online purchases is from Amazon. Most of the people ask their friends for inspiration before making any online purchase. Two most important elements/variables for making online purchase for clothes are them quality/ substantive while price is the second most important element. It is also evident that an online shop provides more with-it information than their

Whether the assumption that Stokes made would affect the Article

Whether the assumption that Stokes made would affect the incompressible nomadic equations - Article ExampleThis volume is known as the control volume. The equation is applied on a number of fluids. These be the Compressible Newtonian fluids, incompressible Newtonian fluids and Non-Newtonian fluids (Gresho 414). These equations are the benchmark for unenviable fluids and are derived by relating the Law of Motion by Newton to a fluid. It is important to note the aspects of the Compressible, Incompressible, and Non-Newtonian fluids.The comment of compressibility is important in understanding what compressible fluids are. Compressibility refers to the decline in volume of the fluid because of outside forces exerted on it. It is imperative to note that, there are three basic assumptions that guide the exertion of these derivative functions to a number of fluids. The derivative function is shown belowApplication of the above assumptions will bring to a generic equation that has a nu mber of elements. Important elements to note are two intelligible proportionality constants that categorically denote that stress is determined linearly by stress rates. These constants are viscosity and the second coefficient of viscosity. The value of the second coefficient of viscosity generates a viscous stimulus that leads to volume change. However, the value is unwaveringly to ascertain in compressible fluids and is habitually negligible. It is stipulated that almost all fluids can be compressible to a certain extent. That is, variations in temperature and/or insistence will lead to variations in density. The influence of outside pressure will force a compressible fluid to diminish its volume. In this regard, the numerical extent of compressibility is denoted as the relative variation in volume of the fluid due to change in pressure. Gases are greatly compressible as opposed to fluids. There are two types of compressibility. Adiabatic compressibility refers to

Religious Teachings and Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Religious Teachings and Business Ethics - Essay ExampleThe Utilitarian approach holds to the idea that societies should get to for the best for the intimately people. Jeremy Bentham eighteenth-century philosopher wrote, The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the foundation of object lessons and legislation (Fisher & Lovell 2003, p. 95). The source/philosopher John Stuart Mills also wrote extensively on Utilitarianism (Daft 2005). soulism is viewed as the essentially opposite of Utilitarianism. The Individual approach maintains that right moral choices lead to what is in the best long-term interest of the individual. German economic expert and sociologist Max Webers influential essays on capitalism emphasized individual efforts and the accumulation of personal wealth (The discontinue Encyclopaedia 2007). The Moral Right approach values fundamental human rights and identifies six moral subcategories salvage consent, right to privacy, right to freedom, of conscious, rig ht to free speech, right to due process and the right to life and prophylactic (Daft 2005). Finally, the Justice approach promotes the idea of moral decision making and is found on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality. Daft identifies ternion distinct forms of justice(2007). Distributive justice governs the right of people to be treated fairly without discrimination based on arbitrary characteristics. Procedural justice proscribes that rules should be applied consistently and compensatory justice argues that people should be compensated for injury and loss (Daft 2007). Certainly, all four of these perspectives can be identified in to the highest degree major world devotions. In order to set a proper stage for the discussion of religion and its place in business ethics, it is important to provide an overview of the historical influences on the matter. One of the first moral codes to impact mankind stemmed from the religious society of Judaism. In the books of the Bible , there are plentiful references as to how the faithful should conduct themselves in relation to their neighbors, family, and friends. The figures in the Old and New Testaments of Bible Solomon, David, Moses, and Jesus of Nazareth were most certainly well known for their ethical teachings. Important philosophers and ethical teachers can be identified throughout human history.

Barclays Bank PLC Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Barclays margin PLC - Case Study grammatical caseBarclays four centuries of growth and provision of function in retail coasting such as current accounts, nest egg and investments, mortgages and other loans, credit cards and online banking were surprisingly responsive to the instability present in spite of appearance international pecuniary investment and services corporations across the board (Hoovers 2010). The company besides holds majority apportionment of Absa Group damages (i.e. 59% stockholder). Representation of the Barclaycard in the Spring 2010 Investors Presentation Post Q1 IMS indicated that despite the retraction of revenues from revolving credit within this sector, Barclays saw strong income growth largely offset by increased impairment and international diversification of business with over 50% of the cards customers outback(a) the UK (Barclays 2010). Credit market exposures reduced by 22BN, with protium loans at 7.9BN as of December 31, 2009.Dating to the se venteenth century, Barclays Bank is the flagship subsidiary of Barclays PLC financial services group, with retail and commercial operations in 50 countries throughout Africa, Europe and the Middle East. In 2010, Barclays acquired the Italian credit card business of Citibank International Bank a deal that absorbed 197,000 credit card accounts and approximately 234 million ($320 million) worth of assets globally. Integration of the Citibank acquisition, and including business assets and employees, willing be incorporated into the existing Barclays Western Europe division, with conversion of the credit card accounts to Barclaycards (Hoovers 2010). In 2008, the bank had made a more limited purchase of Goldfish, the UK credit card unit of Discover financial Services for a sum of 46 million ($70 million).Emerging market expansion has also defied the climate of default within the international financial services sector, and the company has moved forward with strategic agreements made in Asia and Russia between 2007 and 2009. The agreements also include mergers that combine liability through sale of assets with safekeeping of administration, as in the 2007 Barclays sale of its trust administration and custody business in Japan to Sumitomo presumption and Bank for some 21 million ($32 million). In 2008 the Bank acquired Russias Expobank at 690 million ($750 million), and began negotiations to brook agreement on 19.5% of New China Trust - just under the maximum 20% investment cap allowed to foreign companies. Finally, in 2009 the group moved to acquire a 99% stake in Bank Akita, Indonesia at 65 million ($100 million). The acquisition includes a rebranding of the company as Barclays Bank of Indonesia which will further the corporations interests in the region through integration with its global retail and commercial banking services administered by its emerging markets business division.While many people blame the 2008/09 credit crunch on a deficiency of risk manag ement and unreliable financial reporting by banks, Barclays has shown significant leverage in supplying and in critical change management decision making. Although much fiscal risk management looks to the analyse process toward implementing strategic measures of mitigation, Barclays strategic model incorporates restructuring of the internal organizational

See the atteatchment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See the atteatchment - try out ExampleIt evident that the chief executive mapd foul language when he referred to the issue as bullshit in the full glare of the cameras. Furthermore, according to CBC, the CEO did not respond promptly to the matter. He only dismissed the case without promising and assuring the public that the company would investigate the matter. Furthermore, he began hitch pointing and blamed the media for working hard to tarnish the image and name of the company. All these pointed to problems in communication.The inclination regarding the use of foreign workers had adverse effects on a number of relevant earshots associated or linked to the company. The controversy affected current and potential employees of McDonalds Canada. According to CBC, some of the employees compared their working conditions in the company to slavery. They complained of excessive working hours coupled with huge loads of work. Such conditions are not only inhumane, but alike unhealthy. Fu rthermore, many foreign employees working in the firm have downed their tools for fear of the effects of the exposure (CBC). In addition, potential Canadian employees of this organization are pessimistic and have lost desire for working at McDonalds. The claims reported by the CBC coupled by the various interviews and testimonies of other workers are convincing. Another audience affected by the news would be the investors. Similarly, the poor communication and circumstances surrounding it affected a section of customers.The move has also affected investors and shareholders in the company. Negative publicity is not good for a large company such as McDonalds. Such acts make investors and various shareholders reconsider their position and buy at for the company. No investor or shareholder wishes to be associated with a business that does not operate by the rules and regulations of the

Network Security through the protocol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Network security through the protocol - Essay ExampleDF is the flag Dont Fragment S is the first part of multilateral transmission control protocol handshake (SYN, SYN, ACK) Seq is the sequence numberAck is the Acknowledgement TcpLen is the length of the transmission control protocol protocolTcpOption Provision for facultative header fields MSS 1460 is the maximum segment size, or maximum IP datagram size that can be handled without using fragmentation. both(prenominal) sides of the contact must agree on a value if they are different, the overthrow value is used.As we have thrown the dissection of the above packet we will directly get into packet analyses for the tarry of the packets.Analyses of all the net income packets08/16-152717.820587 193.63.129.1921843 - 193.63.129.187139TCP TTL128 TOS0x0 ID48195 IpLen20 DgmLen44 DF******S* Seq 0xF1908361 Ack 0x0 Win 0x2000 TcpLen 24TCP Options (1) = MSS 1460=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+At this p acket the source address is sending information to the destination through TCP. Here the initial bod of the TCP is done. Sync is done in the TCP handshake. The sequence number is given in hexadecimal. instanter the destination 193.63.129.187 would receive the packet and send an acknowledgement back to the source.08/16-152717.820656 193.63.129.187139 - 193.63.129.1921843TCP TTL128 TOS0x0 ID2676 IpLen20 DgmLen44 DF***A**S* Seq 0x7CFB7BBA Ack 0xF1908362 Win 0x2238 TcpLen 24TCP Options (1) = MSS 1460=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+Here we see that the destination with user interface 139 has sent an acknowledgement back to the source 192.63.129.187 with an acknowledgement 0xF1908362. This Ack would be received by the 192.63.129.187.08/16-152717.820785 193.63.129.1921843 - 193.63.129.187139TCP TTL128 TOS0x0...Generally these packets can be easily sniffed using different packet sniffers like wireshark, snort, capsa etc., These packet analyzers are pr imarily used so that it can used to analyze any kind of network problem, it can be used to detect the network intrusion attempts, it can gain information for effecting a network intrusion, to monitor the network usage, to debug client and server communication. Here let us analyze and decode the network packets.MSS 1460 is the maximum segment size, or maximum IP datagram size that can be handled without using fragmentation. Both sides of the connection must agree on a value if they are different, the lower value is used.At this packet the source address is sending information to the destination through TCP. Here the initial phase of the TCP is done. Sync is done in the TCP handshake. The sequence number is given in hexadecimal.Now being familiar with all the packet information let us move forward where the positive data has been transmitted between the two IP address. In the above packet we can see the hex dump of the packet where there is a message sent to the destination here. Th is is where the Session necessitate is done.Similarly the above packet gathers the acknowledgement of the previous packets and sends it as the sequence to the destination address where the connection has been established.

What kind of leadership style improves employee satisfaction in China Literature review

What kind of leaders style improves employee satisfaction in China - Literature check into ExampleWork by 9 different authors (Fu et al (2011), Shen, J (2010), Talehgani et al (2010), Hsu and Chen (2011), nongovernmental organisation et al (2008), Wong et al (2007), Madlcok (2008), Loi and Ngo (2010) and Wu and Chiang (2007)) between 2007 and 2012 have been primarily discussed in the sight to identify their methodological analysis for studying the different factors determining employee job satisfaction, the reliability and validity of the data and methodology, their findings and to identify if any major similarities or differences exist in their observations. This critical review of the menti nonpareild available literature is useful in discretion the relationship between leadership styles and employee satisfaction. Topic review It is understood that leadership is a process that has act on the motivation and performance of company activities as the group works towards realizin g the common goals. The type of leadership provided by the leader or carriage and the specific environment are seen to determine the achieverful accomplishment of the organisational goals in every organization or group across the globe (Talehgani et al, 2010, p 92). This prompts one to explore what leadership style or styles exist that is set to be more successful than others and what reach these styles have on factors including employee motivation and subsequent job satisfaction. Their study draws on a combination of Robert home plates direction-goal model (House, 1996) and Geert Hofstedes study on dividing of ethnic dimensions (Hofstede and Hofstede, 2012) to develop a model that aimed to rate the cultural behaviour pattern in 18 countries. The researchers split up leadership styles into four categories directional, supportive, participatory and success oriented... The purpose of this research is to study the different leadership styles employed by managers in the differe nt organizational settings to assess the impact on employee satisfaction in China. The focus of the study is to understand the different kinds of organizational settings or firm ownership and identify what specific patterns of leadership exist within these different organizations to furbish up employee motivation and job satisfaction. This study is important in the background of China facing talent shortage as per a 2010 survey by Manpower Inc. and another joint survey conducted by Kelly work and Harvard Business Review. It is understood that leadership is a process that has influence on the motivation and performance of group activities as the group works towards realizing the common goals. The type of leadership provided by the leader or manager and the specific environment are seen to determine the successful achievement of the organizational goals in every organization or group across the globe. This prompts one to explore what leadership style or styles exist that is identi fied to be more successful than others and what impact these styles have on factors including employee motivation and subsequent job satisfaction. Their study draws on a combination of Robert Houses direction-goal model and Geert Hofstedes study on dividing of cultural dimensions to develop a model that aimed to assess the cultural behaviour pattern in 18 countries. The researchers divided leadership styles into four categories directional, supportive, participatory and success oriented leadership.

Dealing with Greenwashing in Hotels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dealing with Greenwashing in Hotels - Essay ExampleWith the current gradual shift of the market towards eco-sustainability, companies be finding it hard to hold out in the conventional way, with customers putting more pressure to such hotels to comply with environsal sustainability requirements. The eco-tourism sector has some certifications based on eco sustainability with hotels being awarded ratings and certifications depending on the level in which they comply with environmental standards. Consequently, there are a large number of hotels, pretending to offer eco-friendly work on the surface, with no tangible or practical results in the market today, as customers portray more preference to environmental sustainable services. This is cognize as greenwashing. This paper discusses the use of strict control and monitoring, and tough penalties as effective ways to monish greenwashing in hotels. G altogethericano (2011) describes Greenwashing as the act of deliberately misleading consumers on the environmental practices adhered to by an establishment opineing their services and products. This term evolved from the public awareness where the public discovered there were major inconsistencies between companies actual fashion and claims regarding eco- -friendly practices, in order to hoodwink and attract more customers using high accreditation from environmental bodies such as LEED. Many companies have used such green-labels as marketing tools with nothing tangible to show with regard to environmental sustainability. Several hotels have developed signs that explain to guests that reusing towels will make savings that would be channeled to benignity or environmental organizations (Gallicano, 2011). While such a move is a worthy cause and is back up by legion(predicate) guests, some companies do not end up meeting their bargain as customers are not privy to the internal working policies of such a hotel. Moreover, there are currently vague standards in the h otel industry that create loopholes for greenwashing to take place. A research by Dara ORourke an environment professor at the University of California noted that 33% of all food products released to the market in 2008 claiming to be natural made false claims. These foods made their way to hotels still claiming to be natural with guests being duped on the real nature of the foods (Erica & Aaron, 2010). 98% of the above foods were found to have a false claim, while 22% of the food products had green claims that could not be established, implying such claims were made to dupe the customers who may not be aware regarding green standards, with hotels serving such food to customers with the belief they are eco-friendly. To avoid greenwashing hotels have the responsibleness of making a follow up of all their suppliers to ensure they adhere to green standards. The issue of greenwashing has sensibilize customers to a large scale with more and more customers being vigil to the services off ered in many tourism hotels across the globe, and particularly those claiming to have attained high levels of green certification. In July 2007, one of the passing influential blogs, TripplePundit.com that has received a large number of similar claims, had elaborate discussions indicating that Going Green has set about serious deception in the hotel industry (Jessica, 2008). The blog analyzed some of the leading hotels that included Marriot Hotels, Fairmont Hotels and Starwoods, all of which claimed to have been granted a LEED certification. From this blog, customers indicated thatch the best extent in which the companies could be claimed to have gone(a) green is through the contribution of 1% of their revenue to local environmental groups. According to customers, most of the

Case Study--Customer Relationship Management Heads to the Cloud (ITM Study

--Customer Relationship Management Heads to the Cloud (ITM class) - Case Study grammatical caseIt is also ideal for large companies with large numbers of customers located in diverse backgrounds. This emolument is economical and effective compared to manual of arms systems of summonsing tuition about their customers. Small to medium opening moves may not be suitable for this particular advancement which is specifically designed to accommodate large volumes of selective information. Small organizations usually process small volumes of data and this can be done internally using the database of the company which can be updated manually using programmes like excel. Though the subscription fee for this service appears to be little, it might be expensive to small enterprises since they can easily manage their own databases without the aid of large clouding computing service if they deal with a small number of customers.2. The main advantage of using cloud base enterprise applicat ion is that it is efficient and can process large volumes of data much faster than using manual methods for processing the same amount of data. The other advantage why large companies should adopt this cloud based CRM service is that it can be customised to meet the need of the organization. It also does not take a colossal period of time to implement since it is specifically designed to suit the information requirements of the company. The other advantage is that this CRM service is web based and it allows the organization to centralise its information services. This allows the managers to track as well as to monitor all information about the customers which gives them knowledge about the measures they can take in order to improve the operations of their organization. This web based service is secure since it ensures that confidential information cannot be removed from the data base. In terms of processing information about many customers, this service is advantageous to large co rporations since it makes information processing fairly easy. However, the main disadvantage for using this service is

Vidsoft technologies Essay Example for Free

Vidsoft technologies EssayVidsoft technologies was an Internet comp any(prenominal) in California and it true enterprise softwargon to solve the procurement need for its clients such as Cisco systems, Johnson and Johnson and Telespain companies. Keith Nash who was the companys chief executive director officer of Vidsoft had in unflustereded a culture in the arranging where employees were free to speak their minds, lap up hard and peddle customer satisfaction because he believed that so long as the Vidsoft customers were success practiced, so would the company. The organization as well encouraged employees and it had several motivational activities for its employees which included footb each pingpong t equal to(p)s and social gathering during Fridays so that the employees can enchant themselves and feel free to talk about the events of the week and what they felt about the company or any seat which may be there. Managers were promoted from within the organization and th e company always smacked for those who were better than the existing ones. only as Internet need expanded, they few individuals upholding demanded high salaries thus the criteria for hiring populate relaxed where they chose to employ people so train them. Babatunde was the senior technical support manager, Hsu was a technical support engineer who was a hard fielder but was not a team player and privationed to climb the incarnate ladder faster.Babatunde promoted Li into wariness and although she was ruled to fit, Hsu was not happy that Li was his boss and wanted to be transferred to another group because he did not respect Li, he joined Vidsoft because of Babatunde and whence wanted him to remain his boss and that Li was not experienced for the line of descent so there was nothing which he would delay from her. Although Babatunde tried to resolve the situation, Hsu did not want to be under Li and she did not want him to egress because she feargond that others may have negative views of her.In this case Babatunde can resolve this situation by extend to Hsu the manager of the group dealing with the other line of the product because it did not yet have a manager and he had necessary skills for the position. This would be a powerful motivator for Hsu and he would be equal to(p) to learn to associate with others and alike involve himself in the team work which was highly valued by the company.The internal promotion of Hsu would also generate loyalty through his recognition and it would increase his goode by fulfilling his need of increased status and his want to climb up the corporate ladder. This is because Hsu was an experienced person for the managerial job and with his degree in computer engineering, he would effectively manage the other group and sire good results to the customers and the company.Due to Hsu attitude and his response to Lis promotion, there was no surety that he would be genial with the other new manager who would be brough t to manage the other group if he was to be shifted from Lis team. This therefore means that if he was the manager, he would be directly under Babatunde which he always wanted and he would be comfortable in his position. Through this promotion also, others would not despise Li as they had already started to be influenced by Hsus attitude because there would be a good reason for removing Hsu under her centering.This situation could have been avoided initially by first talking to each and everyone in the group which was to be managed by Li about the decision of promoting her as their manager. Those not comfortable like Hsu would have then been prone the chance to move to the other group initially therefore the riddle would not have occurred. early(a) employees would have also been informed about the promotion so that whoever who might has been interested such as Hsu would have a chance to be taken as one of the candidates to fill the position.In future, this problem can be avoided by talking to all the people concerned and the entire group which pass on be managed before making the move of promoting one of them so that they argon all comfortable with the decision. Others should also be taught on how to accept others and their capabilities but not just think of themselves and how they can be able to move up the corporate ladder, they should be do to think of the company first and how it can be made to improve it and this will in future prevent such scenarios from reoccurring.The employees should also be taught ti respect each other and be ready to work under the supervision of any of them who would be promoted for a more superior position. Vidsoft technologies and its management should also provide opportunities to the employees through a job-bidding procedure or during the performance evaluation of employees by the managers to declare any interest which any of them may have in a specific promotion opportunity in the organization.The employees should be not ified that they should identify higher positions which they may be interested in and they should not only use a general statement that they would someday want to have a better job but they should be clear and specific so that the management can be aware and therefore monitor such an employee for any possibilities of leaders or management skills. Performance evaluation should also be conducted on all the employees on basis of written specifications and all the standards which are related to the job and the appraisal should also be written so that they can be used in future.Vidsoft managers should conduct meetings with individual employees so they their evaluations can be signed and also de end pointine their abilities in management. A system should also be developed so that the employees can be alerted on when any promotional opportunity is available in the organization so that they can have a chance to express their interest in the positions given (Devon 2007).Transactional leaders hip works in situations where clear structures are created and it is very clear of what is needed of the subordinates and the rewards they are meant to get when they follow orders given to them by their seniors. Although punishments are not mentioned, the subordinates understands them well and there are formal ways of instilling discipline in them which is put in place.The early stage of transactional leadership is where the contract is negotiated, and the subordinates are given salaries and benefits and managers gets authority over the subordinates in the company. The work allocated to subordinates by the managers is considered his/her responsibility whether or not there are resources available to do the work and in case anything goes wrong during work, the subordinate is seen to be at fault and is given a punishment for the ill just the way they are rewarded if they succeed in their work.The transactional leaders uses management by exception where they work on the principle that if something is operating to defined performance, then it does not need to be given any attention and that exceptions require praise for exceeding expectations and collective action is applied for performances which are below expectations. Transactional leadership is based on contingency where reward or punishment are contingent upon a persons performance.It is still a popular approach for managers despite its limitations such as the assumption of the rational man who is seen as a person who is mostly motivated by the money given to him/her or the simple rewards offered therefore their behaviors can be predicted. While the common transactional leadership relies on the assumptions about human beings, their motivators and how the organizations work, today these assumptions are seen as incorrect, false and inaccurate.This kind of leadership is linked to behaviorist approach to human functioning which is half(prenominal) and it focuses more on management not leadership. Transformationa l leadership Transformational leadership is the process which changes or transforms individuals where they are made to want change, to improve and to be led. They access employees motives, satisfy their needs and value them and they are likely to make the organizational more successful.Transformational leadership begins with development of a vision which may emerge from different discussions and then the vision is sold where the transformational leaders convince others to contribute. The leaders seeks to transform the organization as well as the followers so that they can be good leaders. The major differences between transformational and transactional leadership is that while transformational leadership deals with building need and meaning in individuals, transactional leadership deals with building on the need to get the job done and make a living out of it.Second is that transformational leadership is usually pre-occupied with purposes, value, morals and morality while transacti onal leadership is pre occupied with power and position, perks and politics. Transformational leadership transcends daily affairs and is oriented towards the long term goals without compromising on the human determine and principles while transactional leaders swamp daily affairs and look at short term goals.The transformational leaders separates causes and symptoms and work to prevent and treat, and it focuses more on missions and strategies to achieve the goals, it makes the full use of the available resources such as human interactions, they design and redesign jobs so that they are meaningful and challenging and strive to work effectively within the human potential in the current systems of the organization and they align the internal structures and systems to reinforce the goals which have been set.On the other hand, transactional leaders confuses the causes and the symptoms, they focus on the tactical issues, rely on human relations to oil, they follow and fulfill the expecta tions from their roles and they support structures which reinforce they organizations goals (Bass Riggio 2005). Transformational leadership humankind of a moral aspiration for followers and leaders alike Transformational leaders motivate their followers so that they can take action and do their work well by appealing to the shared goals and values and by satisfying the higher order needs of the people whom they are leading.They satisfy the aspirations and expectations of the people whom they are leading and it becomes moral because it raises the level of human conduct as well as their level of good aspirations of two the transformational leader and the people whom they are leading and therefore it has a transforming effect on both the leader as well as the led. Transformational leaders fosters the appropriate changes by adding into and shaping the common goals, needs and wants between them and followers and they also develop and carry an evaluation of others in accordance to the set values in the organization.There are four factors of transformational leadership which create a high level of moral inspiration to both the leaders and their followers, these are one, it has an idealized influence which describes managers who are exemplary role models for associates and therefore the followers like them because they believe that they will help them. Second is inspirational motivation which describes managers who motivates their followers to cave in to the organizations vision and they also encourage team spirit to reach the already set goals.Third is able stimulation which describes the managers who encourage innovation and creativity through challenging beliefs or views given by a group and the forth is individual consideration which describes managers who act as coaches and advisors to the associates or followers by encourage them to reach goals so that they can help themselves as well as the organization (Sadler 2003).

Understanding Effects Of Ethnicity In Afghan Culture Essay Example for Free

Unders common topazding ingest Of Ethnicity In sheepskin coat Culture EssayEthnic differences prevalent in Afghanistan deem had a large impact on peoples personal lives especi l star(prenominal)y during interpersonal confabulation. As an Afghan citizen, belonging to the Pashtan cultural assort, born(p) and raised in a multicultural society, I had to master the art of nonionive communication at an early age. Here in this paper, I impart explain how my life has been impacted by ethnic differences in Afghanistan especially during interpersonal communication. I will explain how I communicate with my friends from my ethnic assort, from roughly opposite ethnic groups as well as foreigners living in Afghanistan. My paternal grandfather, a Push tan was a governor in Central Afghanistan while my maternal grandfather, a Tajik, was the Interior Minister and pay minister and my father was the Mayor of Herat City, in the west of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is situated in South-w estern Asia. It borders Iran, Pakistan and several other countries in Central Asia. The Islamic State of Afghanistan is Afghanistans official name. Kabul is the capital and the other two major cities in Afghanistan atomic number 18 Herat and Kandahar.More than three quarters of Afghanistans population inhabits rural argonas. The literacy level in Afghanistan is very low and it is among the worlds countries with small economies(Hussain 34-35). My ethnic group, Pushtun, is the major ethnic group in Afghanistan accounting for al intimately a half the population (42%). Tajiks account for 27% Hazaras 9% Uzbel 9% Aimak 4% Turk custody 3% while the other ethnic groups account for 4% of the population. As a takings of the diverse ethnic groups, Afghanistan has been ad favouring various language policies in a bid to foster head building blocky.For instance, in 1992, the communist regime fell due to constant fighting which arose as a result of issues much(prenominal) as language polic y. Linguistic differences do various factions fight each other. Consequently, betwixt the year 1992 and 1996, Afghanistans national anthem was changed from Pashto language to the Dari(Hussain 40-44) The 2003 Draft Constitution in Afghanistan saw the Pashto and Dari languages constrain the official languages during the Draft Constitutions amendments of Afghanistans language policy.The constitution made provisions guaranteeing all languages as equal. In todays world, most countries strive to fulfil its peoples farming as well as the language. Afghanistan has ad pick outed the Assimilation Language Policy, which is aimed at fostering national unit by having a single national language. Pashtu is the national language of Afghanistan(Hussain 35-39) In Afghanistan, bilingualism is very common. approximately people, especially literates can write and peach in at least two ethnic languages. As a child, I acquired two ethnic languages.By the time I went for my primary education, I coul d speak a few Dari course and phrases in addition to my mother tongue, Pushtan. When I joined school, I lettered the Dari language which is taught beca do it is the national language. When people become competent in two or more languages, they scarper to use both languages in interpersonal communication theory. This results in confounding amidst orders and mixing phrases from two antithetic ethnic languages. Code switching is the use of says or phrases from two distinct languages or dialects in interpersonal communication. Code mixing entails the use of various wrangling or phrases.When participants code-mix, they learn to relate what is change by the loudspeaker system during a dialect activity with the in lamed meaning as well as learning to compargon what is spoken with what they be in possession of(Wood 67). In Afghanistan, people whitethorn code switch consciously or unconsciously. When a person code switches unconsciously, it is because s/he has gained competen ce in the two languages. Thus, one will switch amongst the languages and may not intent any communicative effect on the listeners, although the listeners may achieve an effect depending on how the speaker switches or mixes phrases.Conscious switching or mixing between different languages entails the speakers conscious effort. The speaker decides where to put a sure record or phrase with the aim of achieving a certain communication effect (Julia 30). Whenever I am with my Pushtan friends, we at multiplication switch between the Pushtan language and the Dari language. At measure, we do this unconsciously without putting into consideration the communication effect it will have to our listeners. Competence in both languages enables us to know where, when and how to mix the codes and switch between the two languages effectively.After all, we have spoken and written in these languages since childhood. In Afghanistan, people switch between languages for a number of varied reasons. Fo r instance, whenever I am with my Pushtan friends and a band of people from say Dari whom we may detest and look down upon joins our band, we will code switch and code mix intentionally. We do this in a bid to make them olfactory property un commanded. Occasionally, around of us will mix some Pashtun words with the Dari language. Infact, a great percentage of the words and phrases used in the speech may constitute Pashtun words.Normally, during most interpersonal communications, everyone wants to inscribe and this entails understanding what the other participants say so as to respond effectively. Since we withhold certain information from them by code switching, this makes the Dari speakers not participate in the speech act. Consequently, some of them may opt to leave the band while the stubborn ones may remain behind. Nothing irritates like people disruption into laughter and you be left wondering what amused them. One can even be made to speak out that he is the subject of m ockery.Thus we may code switch so as to obliterate those we dont want in our band (Jacobson 54) Our group may excessively code switch so as to make other groups of people feel appreciated. For instance, whenever we are with our friends from other ethnic groups, some of my friends who have mastered a few phrases and words from the languages will mix them with the Dari language. This makes them feel accommodated in our band. They feel that we appreciate their languages which are deemed to be inferior simply because they are not the official or national languages in Afghanistan.During interpersonal communication, everyone wants to be a part of the speech event. Consequently, our friends will feel motivated to participate because we acknow takege their presence. In addition, whenever I am with my Pushtan friends and we encounter Dari speakers who are not competent in Pushtan, we learn to use the Dari language in a bid to accommodate them. During a speech event, people tend to accommo date the other speakers. This is very crucial for effective communication.Imagine a situation where you speak to soulfulness in, say, Dari, and he responds in Pashtun. Will you continue speaking in Dari? Of course not you would rather opt to switch to Pashtun if you are competent in it so as to avoid communication barriers. Language differences in Afghanistan can lead to communication barriers and so people have learn to accommodate others during a speech event by switching to the language used by other participants (Giles and Coupland 52). During a speech event, we may change our styles from time to time. rough of the reasons which make our band change styles during interpersonal communication include the topic existence discussed, the participants in our band, and the motives/intentions of our band and so on. So we accommodate other participants by adjusting the number of times we switch between languages and strive to minimize the number of switches depending on the person we are speaking to. The try-on is applied in our day-to-day speech events. In fact, some of my Dari friends who are not competent in Pushtan have mastered a few Pushtan words and phrases.Whenever we are conversing, they may mix a few Pashtun phrases with Dari phrases in a sentence. They do this so as to please us. They want us to think that they discover and appreciate our language. As a matter of fact, some of them do this sarcastically nothing irritates a Pashtan speaker than to hear a Dari speaker or any other speaker use a Pushtan word or phrase of which he or she does not even have the slightest idea of its meaning. Worse still, some of them may even use the wrong word order. I once lived in Hawaii and learned a few Hawaii words.When I visited the United States, I could hear the Americans switch to the Hawaii language. round Americans could even mix spiritual phrases and words with English. What irritated me most was the fact that the Americans were not competent in the Hawaii language, yet they could dare mix Hawaii spiritual words and phrases of which they did not even know the meaning. I consider this as a kind of theft and a slap on the nervus to the Hawaii language. People should respect other peoples language especially spiritual words and phrases.In addition, Afghans may also code switch because they feel that they cannot express themselves well in a certain language. They feel that they lack certain words or expressions from a given language and that another(prenominal) language may have a leady word or expression for the message they want to convey. Whenever I am speaking with my Pashtun friends, who understand the Dari language, I will not bother much to think for a word in Pashtun when I have a Dari word or phrase for it. close people will sometimes find it difficult to express themselves in their mother tongue.To some people, expressing oneself in an official language is much easier since it is the language they use most of the time, thus, they always have ready words and phrases. Most people agree that it is easy to express oneself in Dari, the national language simply because they use it more often and they may lack the appropriate words in their original language. Afghans view code switching to be beneficial during interpersonal communication although this will depend on the context or situation in which it occurs.This holds true, especially when a speaker encounters problems expressing himself in a particular language and he/she is competent in another language which his speakers are competent in. Thus, a speaker will suss out the communication gap by inserting phrases or words from the language his participants understand. Ethnicity also affects communication styles and strategies in Afghanistan in that, people from different ethnic groups have differences in social etiquette, customs and protocol.In Afghanistan, there are some common customs and protocols among the different ethnic groups, which affect interper sonal communication. For instance, men and women should not make eye contact. Men should not prolong their eye contact with other men and when they do, they should do so only occasionally. This custom creates a communication barrier in that communication between men and women is not effective since women are not allowed to speak directly to men. If a woman speaks directly to a man, she is being disgraceful and lowering her dignity.This greatly affects my life since women in our body politic are deprived of rights of expression, which implies that our mothers and sisters, who are the backrest of our nation, have no direct communicative role to play in the society. This implies that men and women in my rustic have to employ different styles and strategies in both verbal and non-verbal communication. In order to ensure that they preserve their cultural values, mixing between genders in my country is not freely allowed and free mixing only takes place within families.In places of wor k, in offices, and businesses or at institutions of learning, both higher and lower, both men and women must respect and maintain each others honor. They must also adhere to their husbandry without putting into consideration the impact it will have on interpersonal relations. Consequently, this has led to poor interpersonal relations in public places, which has led to increased war and conflicts among individuals, groups of people and ethnic societies. These have led to men dominating the country.Since they are the only ones who have a say, they have gone ahead and enacted and enforced laws and regulations which undermine their women folks and children who are regarded as inferior members of the society. Interactions and relations between individuals have also been adversely affected especially in institutions of learning. Foreign students who join universities in Afghanistan are faced with major challenges. To depart with, most of these students come from ethnic backgrounds wher e women and men are regarded as equal. Consequently, they are forced to learn and to read the rules and ensure that they abide by them.This has led to students academic performance being affected since they spend a lot of time adapting to cultural changes. Besides eye contact, which is a non-verbal communication style, other types of non-verbal communication are also affected. Signals are also affected by ethnic differences. People send signals to convey messages. direct of signals has been affected by ethnic differences in that people may send the wrong signals during the process of communication. Since women are not allowed to look at men in the eyes, this may pass the wrong signals to foreign men who have not mastered Afghanistan culture.They may think that the women are shy and may consequently bollix them or misread their intentions. In addition, since men and women are not allowed to shake hands, a misunderstanding may arise when an Afghanistan man or woman declines to shake hands with a foreigner who is not conscious(predicate) of the cultural values in Afghanistan. As a result, the communication process among different ethnic groups in Afghanistan has not been effective. The handshake is the most common form of greeting used in Afghanistan, Placing ones hands over their hearts and nodding slightly is also another form of greeting.Foreigners can misunderstand this and a wrong signal can be sent probably signaling that someone is in love or in shock depending on how placing ones hands over ones heart implies in ones culture. Symbols are also another form of non-verbal communication used. Symbols can be used to represent or express information. For the process of communication to be effective, the sender needs to employ both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication because they supplement each other.Ethnicity in Afghanistan has affected interpersonal communication in that cultural values have made the use of symbols ineffective by make them fail t o communicate the intended information. Whenever I am socializing with the women folks in Afghanistan, I do not get their message right since they do not use symbols appropriately in a bid to uphold their cultural values. Men are sup be to dominate all interactions including interpersonal communications When a Turtumani person is speaking to a Baluchi speaker, one has to use Dari, which is the official language.The two language speakers have different cultural values and backgrounds. The problem may arise if one of the speakers say the Baluchi speaker, is illiterate and does not understand the national language. Thus, the two speakers will need the assistance of an interpreter. If the interpreter is not competent in both languages, a communication breakdown may arise. Most literate Afghans have learned social and Humanistic languages and have leaned that each ethnic group is unique in and that no ethnic group should be considered superior than the other. Language reflects a peoples culture.Verbal communication entails use of well-constructed sentences with a correct word order. According to linguists, each language is unique in its own way and no language is deemed to be more superior to other. Thus, each Afghanistan ethnic language whether used as a national or official language contains complex structures. Each ethnic language has its own unique way of filter out formation. Since the literacy level in Afghanistan is very low, communicating with people who are not learned in Afghanistan has posed a great challenge for me and my literate friends.I recall with nostalgia an incidence where my best Friend, Pierre picked up a fight with an illiterate Dari speaker as he tried to convince him that all languages are equal. In conclusion, ethnicity affects interpersonal communication in Afghanistan in that certain ethnic communities look down upon others. Some communities feel that they are greater/superior than others simply because they are considered to be bestow ed with more natural resources than the others. Consequently, a communication gap may arise between the two.For instance, Dari ethnic groups and the Pashtans perceive themselves to be superior to other ethnic groups like Turkmen or Aimak ethnic groups. This is because they are a majority groups in the countrys population and their languages are recognized as the national and official languages. Each ethnic group in Afghanistan has a specific vocabulary, which it uses during the process of communication. For instance, the Pashtans have a specific and unique vocabulary, which they use. These cultural vocabularies hinder communication when one is speaking to members of a different ethnic group who do not have competence in the Pashtan language.As a result, Afghans should learn to embrace their diverse cultures by learning to hump with the challenges they encounter due to ethnic differences on their day-to-day activities. Afghanistan has been through many calamities and disasters, or instance, landmines and explosions. Schools have also been shattered, hospitals and roads demolished not to forget violence against women and drug addiction among the youth. These problems can be minimise by effective interpersonal communication among differing ethnic groups or parties.

Decision Making Process Essay Example for Free

Decision Making dish out Essay.Decision fashioning is the study of accounting and choosing picks found on the values and preferences of the ending maker. Making a purpose implies that there be alternative choices to be considered, and in such a case we want non only to identify as m all of these alternatives as possible but to choose the one that outdo fits with our goals, objectives, desires, values, and so on.. (Harris (1980)) According to Baker et al.(2001), decision making should start with the identification of the decision maker(s) and stakeholder(s) in the decision, trim the possible disagreement about problem definition, requirements, goals and criteria. Then, a general decision making process preserve be divided into the following steps Step 1. Define the problem. This process must, as a minimum, identify root causes, limiting assumptions, system and organizational boundaries and interfaces, and any stakeholder issues. The goal is to express the issue in a c lear, one-sentence problem statement that describes both the initial conditions and the desire conditions..Of course, the one-sentence limit is often exceeded in the practice in case of composite decision problems. The problem statement must however be a curt and unambiguous written material agreed by all decision makers and stakeholders. Even if it can be sometimes a long iterative process to come to such an agreement, it is a crucial and undeniable point before proceeding to the next step. Step 2. Determine requirements. Requirements are conditions that any acceptable upshot to the problem must jar against. Requirements spell out what the solution to the problem must do..In numerical form, these requirements are the constraints describing the set of the feasible (admissible) solutions of the decision problem. It is very important that even if subjective or judgmental evaluations whitethorn occur in the following steps, the requirements must be stated in exact quantitative fo rm, i. e. for any possible solution it has to be decided unambiguously whether it meets the requirements or not. We can prevent the ensuing debates by putting down the requirements and how to check them in a written material. Step 3. Establish goals.Goals are large-minded statements of intent and desirable programmatic values. Goals go beyond the minimum essential must have. s (i. e. requirements) to wants and desires.. In mathematical form, the goals are objectives contrary to the requirements that are constraints. The goals may be conflicting but this is a natural incident of practical decision situations. Step 4. Identify alternatives. Alternatives offer different approaches for changing the initial condition into the desired condition.. Be it an existing one or only constructed in mind, any alternative must meet the requirements.If the number of the possible alternatives is finite, we can check one by one if it to meets the requirements. The infeasible ones must be deleted (sc reened out) from the further consideration, and we obtain the explicit list of the alternatives. If the number of the possible alternatives is infinite, the set of alternatives is considered as the set of the solutions fulfilling the constraints in the mathematical form of the requirements. Step 5. Define criteria. Decision criteria, which will detach among alternatives, must be based on the goals.It is necessary to define discriminating criteria as objective measures of the goals to measure how healthful each alternative achieves the goals.. Since the goals will be represented in the form of criteria, every goal must generate at least one criterion but complex goals may be represented only by several criteria. It can be helpful to group together criteria into a series of sets that relate to go and distinguishable components of the overall objective for the decision. This is particularly helpful if the emerging decision structure contains a relatively large number of criteria.Gr ouping criteria can help the process of checking whether the set of criteria selected is appropriate to the problem, can tranquillity the process of calculating criteria weights in some methods, and can facilitate the emergence of higher level views of the issues. It is a usual way to arrange the groups of criteria, subcriteria, and sub-subcriteria in a tree-structure (UK DTLR (2001)). According to Baker et al. (2001), criteria should be able to discriminate among the alternatives and to support the comparison of the performance of the alternatives, complete to include all goals, operational and meaningful, non-redundant, few in number. In some methods, see Keeney and Raiffa (1976), non-redundancy is required in the form of independency. We mention that some authors use the word ascribe instead of criterion. Attribute is also sometimes used to refer to a measurable criterion. Step 6. consider a decision making scape There are several tools for solving a decision problem. Som e of them will be briefly described here,and references of further readings will also be proposed.The natural selection of an appropriate tool is not an easy task and depends on the concrete decision problem, as well as on the objectives of the decision makers. Sometimes . the simpler the method, the better. but complex decision problems may require complex methods, as well. Step 7. Evaluate alternatives against criteria Every correct method for decision making needs, as stimulation data, the evaluation of the alternatives against the criteria. Depending on the criterion, the assessment may be objective (factual), with respect to some commonly share and understood scale of measurement (e. g. money) or can be subjective (judgmental), reflecting the subjective assessment of the evaluator. afterwards the evaluations the selected decision making tool can be applied to rank the alternatives or to choose a subset of the most promising alternatives. Step 8. Validate solutions against pro blem statement The alternatives selected by the applied decision making tools have always to be validated against the requirements and goals of the decision problem. It may happen that the decision making tool was misapplied. In complex problems the selected alternatives may also call the attention of the decision makers and stakeholders that further goals or requirements should be added to the decision model.

Standalone vs networked computers Essay Example for Free

Standalone vs mesh topologyed computing machines EssayThis report lead clearly explain the differences amongst standalone and net civiliseed machines, as well as give a brief discernment into the prefatory components of the ne iirk.Also, it will state the possible advantages and disadvantages to keeping the received standalone set up opposed to the thought process of creating a network.A synopsis sh exclusively be included to summarise your options, and give a professional vox populi on what would be the most beneficial for your small article of furniture business.STANDALONE ENVIRONMENTWHAT IS IT?A standalone environment is when a calculating machine is used independently without connection to any communication devices. Each computer will conduct a copy of the operating system and softw atomic number 18 being used. If you motive to transfer data between departments, it will establish to be through manually. They vary from networked computers which argon subject t o communicate to other computers because as soon as a computer is attached to a communication device, it direct becomes in a network.The main characteristics of a standalone computer are* It has no connection to any other computers* It does non have an internet connection* info would need to be manually transferred via CDs, etcCOMPUTER NETWORKWHAT IS IT?A basic network consists of several computers and hardware devices much(prenominal) as printers and s toiletteners that are linked together so that they arsehole communicate with each other. It features four distinct elements in addition to the computers themselves. These are* Communication devices* Networking Software* Data transfer media* Standards and proceduresCommunication devices are subdivisions of hardware that are indispensable to turn standalone computers into networked computers. Before a computer can be connected to a network it must have a network larboard card (NIC). This is a card that contains essential circui try and a plug-in socket that allows a connection between the computer and the cabling. The NIC basically prepares and convert data to a form that can be transmitted by means of media (such as a metal cable or fibre optic cable).Networking software varies dependent on the size of the network. Because your furniture firm is only a small business, the networking software on Windows XP shall suffice, but take none of this breeding in case the business planning future expansion. Specialised network operating systems coordinate the activities of all the computers and other devices connected to a network. Popular network operating systems include UNIX owned by the SCO radical as 2000, Linux and Novell Netware, a popular client-server network operating system.Data transfer media is the physical physical through which data travels from one computer to other. The main data transfer media an flip in to twenty-four hourss market are metal wires, and fibre optic cable which add the pers onify of creating/installing a network, or instead wireless.Standards and procedures are important because without them one device in your network could be sending data to another device in a form that the other device may not be able to interpret. In order for a network to run properly it must adopt certain procedures. Without procedures the warrantor of the network might be comprised, as well as the health of the employees. Legislation such as the Data Protection Act and Computer Misuse Act may accidently be disobeyed.ADVANTAGES OF STAYING STANDALONEThe advantages to keeping the current 5 machines set up as they are, as standalone machines are* It would be a cheaper option in terms of hardware and software. The cables, especially high speed fibre optic cables can be cash consuming, as well this NIC and data transmission media can be costly* Less ICT knowledge is needed to keep the systems running efficiently, hence subject network managers/administrators do not need to be bus y* Training costs (such as money and clip) on how to maintain/operate a network are unneeded if each member of staff knows how to use a basic standalone machine* The spread of viruses and bugs can be keep minimal as each of the computers arent communicate, meaning the virus cannot be transferred from computer to computer* Hard is less of a necessity, as servers arent needed. This is beneficial in two ways* If a piece of hardware malfunctions, it doesnt affect every machine whereas, say, if a file server crashed the whole network would be sabotaged* Initially purchasing costs and maintenance costs do not need to be funded if the conglomerate hardware for a network isnt needed* Standalone machines can operate a lot faster as if they are only need for a specific task (e.g. Word processing) other software doesnt need to installed on the hard drive, hence making the machine more(prenominal) efficientADVANTAGES OF CREATING A NETWORKThe advantages of backing up a network far outweigh the advantages of staying standalone. There are however disadvantages which will be covered on the next page of this report* Manual file transfer is rendered inept if the network operates using a file server, which holds all the important documents an organization needs, where every computer has access to instantly* Hardware such as printers can be parceld between multiple computers, meaning a separate printer doesnt need to be purchased/installed to every machine* Software such as lotion are shared, meaning its easier to control software maintenance and making sure the software is up-to-date is easier and more efficient* Costs of purchasing software is reduced as you can purchase a atomic number 53 copy which can then be installed the server so every machine has access, which would be cheaper than the election of purchasing the software multiple times* Network managers can control what websites employees do and do not have access to, so distracting game websites can be blocked from every computer* Downloaded material can be checked with the latest virus checking software universally, so individual scans do not need to take place* Backing up files to save loosing valuable documents can be done automatically or by the network manager so less responsibility is placed upon the work force and the likelihood of lose is reduced* Internal business communication can be do easier throughout the means of e-mail, which will improve communication between workersDISADVANTAGES OF STAYING STANDALONEWhen there are advantages, there are usually disadvantages to go with it. The disadvantages of keeping the current layout format are as follows* File transfer is time consuming and frustrating, as documents cannot be directly sent to each computer, hence file transfer media such as USB memory sticks or CDs need to be purchased* Communication when working on a conjunction computer project can be fussy, as e-mails cannot be sent, so the employees will have to steep in face-to -face communication* Information is hard to keep up-to-date as two or more users could be updating the same piece of information unaware the other is doing so, hence two or more documents will be produced causing confusion* Software needs to be installed individually on each of the 5 machines, which can be costly as the software needs to be replicated enough times and wasteful of businesses time* Back-up of files isnt centrally done, hence each machine need to be backed up and checked regularly to ensure to lose of data* The internet or intranet cannot be accessed by employees, meaning topics cannot be research, information cannot be posted in a bulletin, etc, hindering employees effortsDISADVANTAGES OF CREATING A NETWORKThe disadvantages of creating a network are scarce as networks are beneficial to almost every organisation in todays society. However, they include* The task of running and maintaining a network, ensuring that it is fully functional requires expertise, so a profess ional shall need to be hired* If hardware fails or malfunctions, every computer is faced with the inconvenience. For physical exertion if the network file server goes down, no computer can gain access to the shared files* The initial costs involved in setting up a network are high as all the hardware and software need to purchased, although a network will save money in the long run, in the short run it is costly* Viruses can be spread more well and quickly to every computer on the network, whereas if it happened to a standalone computer only one would be affectSYNOPSISOverall, the advantages to your small business of creating a network far outweigh the advantages of keeping the machines standalone. The ability to share files such as orders, receipts, etc would be drastically improved as a file server could be emplaced for ease of access. Providing you have the funds to invest in the highly priced equipment, the option of setting up a network would be beneficial in the long term f or the business especially in major growth happens which can be foresaw with the increasing mass of technology used.You could use the internet research competitors prices, to offer your customer the best quality service available and even start trading online using e-commerce. puddle sure sufficient antivirus software is in place to protect from the risk of hackers or viruses this may cost extra money, as it needs to be updated. The ICT department may need to consider employing highly qualified employees to run and maintain the network to make sure its operational on a day to day basis. So the options are to keep the 5 standalone machines and be faced with the disadvantages of them, or set up a network of computers and experience the change.

Changes in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Changes in the Workplace EssayI believe the work environments pot be positive or nix on the psychology wellness and workplace. The work environment has many properties that can affect both psychological and forcible well-being, which is important to understand those aspects of work environments as well as identifying psychosocial characteristics of the workplace, which can affect his or her wellness. The first step is to create a psychologically workplace, which takes commitment and time to develop a outline to effect changes at the workplaces to improve the health of all employees. For example the choices that all(prenominal) person makes and how the respective(prenominal) treats his or her bodies not only affects the individual health but also the individual mental health, which can be carried over to the workplace causing unwanted stress. Also lack of sleep devising it hard to concentrate, pestered with the employees, and unable to do his or her daily tasks that the j ob requires, which can make the workplace more difficult. caseous diet can make the individual sick and unable to complete the job thats require to be done, as well as mental stress that can cause more health problems. Studies on relationships between health and psychology has become more establish in recent years because researchers hire provided insight into how an individuals psychology and health. Such as the individual personalities, personal relationships, and the individual mental and biological processes are all factor in relation to health psychology, which needs to be considered when trying to maintain or to balance his or her health, is to find the correct balance of treatment choices, such as circumstances or other alternative that may be adding to the cause of bodily health issues. I believe that lifestyle choices that can affect psychology and health in the workplace can be poor diet. For example When an individual chooses to skip breakfast in the morning can have a difficult time concentrating, or become irritable.The individual may also develop physical symptoms such as headache, dizziness, or nauseas. When the individual becomes irritable, this can lead to lack of communication with other employees as well as loss of production on everyones schedule. I also believe when making poor choices can develop problems that can affect the workplace, also leads to psychological, behavioral, and physical difficulties. To enhance health and disallow illness is to improve his or her allover health, even if the changes aresmall it can make a big difference by enhancing his or her health and to prevent illness.For example having well-balance meals that includes breakfast and a kempt diet can provide energy, which will also lower the risk of certain disease, such as diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and hypertension. To maintaining a healthy body, and a health weight, is to have a healthy diet and physical activity to decrease the risk for cardiovascula r disease, and reducing the heart rate. However, taking care of our body is a big step toward horny and mental health because the mind and the body are linked to each other, and when the individual improves his or her physical health, well the individual will experience greater mental and emotional well-being (Lifestyle to enhance Health and Prevent Illness).

Rhetorical Analysis compare Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical outline compare EssayThis is a rhetorical strive comparing, Looking At Women, written by Scott Russell Sanders and What Is A Homo elicitual?, Written by Andrew Sullivan. These deuce essays describe in detail how children are growing up and knowing at an early age that they are either hetero elicitual or homo braceual. When comparing these two essays both virile childs are passing d genius puberty, watching their body change and develop. Mr. Sanders essay is about male childs study when they are attracted to girls, usually its around the time they are going through puberty while Mr. Sullivan essay is about when boys learn that they are attracted to boys. This also was when the boy went through puberty.Looking At Women is about when a boy realizes his body and mind are changing towards girls, and realizes his attraction toward girls. When you can shade at a girl, and realize it is the opposite sex. Mr. Sanders talks about how should the male figure look at the female when they give away their body with little to no clothing. He goes on to explain that its natural for us to look at the opposite sex. We as humans are curious in the opposite sex, so our eyes by nature wander and look. Upon reading these essays I realized we all go through puberty and that is basically when we fetch ourselves. Our wants and desires for either the same or the opposite sex.Having said that, what if you were not attracted to the opposite sex, but were attracted to the same sex. What Is A Homosexual is a persuasive essay about gay adolescents realizing they are attracted to the same sex at an early age. Mr. Sullivan realizes his attraction to the same sex after he went through puberty as the boy in Mr. Sanders essay noticing his attractions to girls. Both boys have to control their desires to look at either the opposite sex or the same sex. I realized that both boys are going through similar situations under(a) different circumstances. While thehomosexual can t not be caught looking at another male while dressing in the locker room. But, the heterosexual can look at the opposite sex and want be picked on.In todays society the clothes for girls has changed sense I was a preteen and going through puberty. The preteens now wear little clothing as possible to show off their ontogeny figure into a woman. This will attract the eyes of the young male thats also going through puberty, and doesnt want to be caught staring at the developing young female. This is also similar to the young boy that is having homosexual thoughts in the locker room. He has to control his action of staring at his same sex friend that has change over the summer from puberty. Both the boys are going through similar situations, one is with the same sex while the other is the opposite sex, finding sexual attraction and the urge to look and their desires for the other person.While Looking At Women and What Is A Homosexual seem very different, they are preferably similar. The boys are going through the same body changes and realizing the attraction to either girls or guys. The boys are sieve out their desires on how to look at the other person weather its the opposite sex or the same. Interesting enough the boys learn to control their wandering eyes, and when its appropriate to look at either gender.

Trust in the Press Essay Example for Free

Trust in the Press EssayTrust in the Press is essential in an ever changing society. Not only essential the Press be trusted neverthe little it moldiness be believed and must behave in an ethical manner. precisely what constitutes an ethical manner? Laws might be set to achieve certain outcomes and may non necessarily be ethical. What is legal and demanded by truth may not be witnessed ethical from a journalistic aim of view.With respect to your personal point of view of the above, discuss what you believe journalists have to do to maintain the trust and respect of the general. The historian doubting Thomas Babington Macaulay introduced the notion of the media as the Fourth Estate the role of a watchdog that checks on abuses of power by government and professionals.1 Lord Hutchinson, QC defence council for the ABC Case regarding the Official Secrets Act 1989, said it is the task of the cheer to examine, probe, dubiety and come upon out if there be mistakes to embarr ass the government.2 With such a role of responsibility, it is snappy that the mankind trust what the press tell them. Codes and laws are in place to make sure journalists profess as a collective conscience.3 In practice this is difficult as individual consciences come into play, on with the obstacles of time, money and competition that face journalists in their profession.One common rule among journalists is to never reveal your sources. If you do, your life bill will be tainted with mistrust. This journalistic ethical law secures a relationship with the man and provides protection. But there are laws that contravene this. persona 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 says courts have the estimable to demand that journalists reveal their source if disclosure is essential in the interests of justice or national hostage or for the prevention of dis rate or crime. The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 says police canvass a serious offence can obtain an order requiring t he journalist to submit evidence considered profitable to the court. It is difficult to defy the law, especially when the consequence could be imprisonment or a fine.However, I would smooth try to keep my sources confidential otherwise they could face a fine or imprisonment. I would find that difficult to live with because I am just as responsible for protecting my sources and for imparting the information. In these circumstances I would argue for freedom of expression under the Human Rights Act 1998. Trainee journalist banknote Goodwin appealed successfully with this argument after he was fined for refusing to hand over documents concerning engineering company Terra Ltd. In some other subject the Guardian exposed their source Sarah Tisdall in 1984 under pressure from the courts. She leaked information round the rake of cruise missiles to RAF Greenham Common and was jailed as a consequence.4 Where a source has taken the initiative and granted a story to the press, especially in questions relating to national security, they must have recognised the risk and it is not un conjectural for them to take the consequences.There are legal descri being restrictions that a journalist can overturn. Section 39 and 49 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 can be lifted if a juvenile has move a serious crime and naming them would act as a deterrent to others. Journalists often get up public interest in their reasons for disagreeing with the law and this is an ethical way to maintain the trust and respect of the public. even the problem lies in defining public interest.The Press Complaints equip states that public interest includes1. Detecting or exposing crime or a serious misdemeanour2. Protecting public health and safety3. Preventing the public being misled by some statement or action of an individual or organisation5Reporter Ryan Perry went surreptitious in 2003 as a footman at Buckingham Palace in order to observe their security methods. His shroud i n the Daily Mirror highlighted the fatality for tightened security and this was achieved. His demeanour, although deceitful, was for the publics safety and I agree with German journalist Gnter Wallraff who said, you have to disguise yourself in order to unmask your society.6 The BBC reiterates this in their guidelines for public interest when dealing with serious illegal or anti-social behaviour it may occasionally be acceptable for us not to reveal the full purpose of the programme to a contri besidesor.7This is when the ethical behaviour of a journalist starts to originate from the ethical code of the public and indeed the law. I would find it difficult to lie in order to get a story but if it was for the publics benefit, I could do it. I do not debate behaving this way, if it revealed vital information, could lose the respect or trust of the public. If the person I was exposing was a family member or boyfriend, I could not report on the story. I would not cover up their crim e but similarly, I would not offer them up for public scrutiny. Ethical manner as a journalist is different to ethical manner as a daughter or girlfriend and in this case the personal is stronger than the professional.I do not think Perrys report on Buckingham Palace should have include photographs of private bedrooms and details on the storage of breakfast cereals. This does not come under the Press Complaints Commission code of public interest and I do not think it can be confirm as ethical behaviour. Undercover work cannot be held up as ethical when the outcome is less important than the act and Perrys inclusion of these private details undermine the ethical reasons for reporting undercover. When it becomes a matter of what the public are interested in, rather than what they need to know, ethical manners begin to vary mingled with journalists and other factors come into the equation.The media is to a certain extent controlled by the people who own the newspapers, radio displac e and television companies. They pay the journalists salary and they ultimately make the decisions. A senior executive of News external said If an editor went to Murdoch and said that he had carefully examined the PCC code of conduct on chequebook news media and had come to the conclusion that to pay to get a story would be a breach of the code and, therefore, he hadnt through it, he would be fired.8 This shows that a journalists so-called ethical behaviour is not incessantly their own. However the journalist can decide who they work for. If I was asked to pay for stories that revealed matters that I did not consider of public interest, then I would refuse and work for a different organisation.This is, of course easier said than done and when one organisation is willing to pay for a story, others follow suit to keep up with competition. The public are aware of this and join in the game. Neighbours of Shannon Matthews have begun to charge for their stories, and they know the media will pay. It is difficult not to succumb to this method of journalism when competition is so fierce but then motivation for talk to the press becomes about money rather than truth.The competition and pressure to get a good story causes some journalists to fabricate, especially in the television industry. Regulators Ofcom demonstrated the penalty of misleading the public when they fined ITV 5.675 million for yell vote scandals. Journalist Max Hastings said deceit is woven into the very nature of television. He described how some camera crews in war zones have encouraged soldiers to open fire so they can film dramatic footage that was missed when it actually happened.9 I understand the desire to produce a captivating documentary but asking soldiers to potentially put themselves and others in danger for dramatic effect, is not ethical behaviour.In television there is a fine line between deceiving the public and presumptuous they know about the editing tricks of the trade. Filming a sequence over a three-day period but presenting it as one day is not harmful deception but the reality of television production. The BBCs channel in 2007 of the Queen storming out of a portrait session was deceiving because editing gave a false way of the actual events. Ofcom hold a similar view in regard to fairness. They say broadcasters should take reasonable care that material facts have not been presented, disregarded or omitted in a way that is unjust to an individual or organisation.10When covering a story about parishioners protesting against their church being demolished, I was told by my editor to ask them to shout save our church for the camera. They did this and it brightened up the news package. It could be argued that this was unethical behaviour because it misled the public about the protest as soon as I had gone, the shouting stopped. I did question my actions. However the desire to entertain the viewer, the opinion of my editor, the willingness of the protestors themselves and the low impact it would have on the public perception stopped me going against the decision. This is a minor case but it shows how potential deception in television is an ever-present reality.The need for impartiality is heavily stressed in journalism codes of conduct. Ofcom states that television and radio programmes must exclude all expressions of the views and opinions of the person providing the service on matters of political and industrial controversy and matters relating to current public policy (unless that person is speaking in a legislative forum or in a court of law).11To be impartial as a journalist is not as simple as it seems merely editing requires some personal judgement. As a reporter, it is not that easy to completely dispatch yourself from a story. Journalist Gill Swain said simply, dont get emotionally involved.12 Yet detach yourself in any case far and your reporting will get labelled as forensic.13 Sometimes the best journalism happens when yo u do engage emotionally and follow a story with passion. If Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein had not done that, the revelation of Watergate and eventual(prenominal) resignation of US President Richard Nixon in 1974 would have never come about.Personal interest and link can be a helpful motive in investigative journalism. A few geezerhood ago I wrote about my college ride club in a university magazine. I was told various stories about club money that had gone missing. As a member of that boat club, I felt stimulate to find out what had happened and inform university students. After publication the head of the boat club asked me to her office to condone myself. She was unable to deny any of the facts. If I had not had personal involvement in this story, the financial difficulties of the boat club would have not been revealed.Yet the actual writing of the story should be impartial and not convey the opinion of the journalist. The public should trust that you are giving them a fair and accurate report on a matter of importance to them. However, sometimes personal belief and gut spirit that go against codes and ethical manners can benefit the public.During the time Senator Joseph McCarthy made charges that the United States government had been infiltrated by Soviet spies, American journalists had to abide by the strict codes of reporting without analysis or comment. They knew McCarthys claims were false but the journalistic laws meant they were unable to investigate his statements and tell the public the truth. More recently, the Washington Post, New York Times and New state all apologised to their readers for not being sceptical when reporting White House claims that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction.14Part of being a journalist is to face adversity and going against a law or code is sometimes the only way to tell the public the truth, but truth is what ultimately gains their trust and respect. Laws and codes are necessary to provide a benchmark for journ alists to work from and maintain professionalism. Without them some journalists would lose sight of what fundamental principles they need to follow in order to behave responsibly. There are times when a journalists own instinct and ethical manner will maintain respect and trust of the public better than the codes. There are also instances when pressure, time and money prevent a journalist from maintaining those codes. Whatever the circumstances, the one rule that should be constant is that journalists are the eyes and ears of the public their trust and respect should always take precedence.BIBLIOGRAPHYFrost, Chris. Media Ethics And Self-Regulation. Pearson upbringing Limited, 2000.Harcup, Tony. The Ethical Journalist. Sage Publications Ltd, 2007.Keeble, Richard. Ethics For Journalists. Routledge, 2001.Rosenstiel, Tom and Mitchell, Amy S., ed. Thinking Clearly Cases in Journalistic Decision-Making. Columbia University Press, 2003.Welsh, Tom, Greenwood, Walter, Banks, David, eds. McN aes requirement Law For Journalists, 19th discrepancy. Oxford University Press, 2007.Wesbiteshttp//www.ofcom.org.uk1 Richard Keeble, Ethics For Journalists (Routledge, 2001) 127.2 Tom Welsh, Walter Greenwood, David Banks, eds. McNaes Essential Law For Journalists, 19th Edition (Oxford University Press, 2007) 415.3 Keeble 131.4 Keeble 29.5 Tony Harcup, The Ethical Journalist (Sage Publications Ltd, 2007) 36.6 Harcup 41.7 Harcup 45.8 Harcup 112.9 Harcup 1210 http//www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/ifi/codes/bcode/fairness/11 http//www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/ifi/codes/bcode/undue/12 Keeble 130.13 Keeble 140.14 Harcup 17.